15 citations,
December 2019 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Most insurance companies do not cover extra gender-affirming surgeries, with coverage being low and inconsistent.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormonal therapy in adults with gender dysphoria often leads to skin issues like acne, requiring a team of skin and hormone doctors.
21 citations,
November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
116 citations,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
17 citations,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
2 citations,
April 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women appears safe and may protect against heart disease, but requires constant monitoring and more research for long-term effects.
December 2023 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Adults with gender dysphoria on hormone treatment often have skin problems like acne, which are common but not always recognized.
19 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health” Transmasculine individuals on testosterone therapy need tailored contraception and fertility advice due to unique risks and benefits of each contraceptive method.
10 citations,
November 2000 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Secondary aesthetic surgeries for gender reassignment are generally satisfying and advance overall aesthetic surgery techniques, but psychological support is important.
88 citations,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
The document recommends a multidisciplinary approach and experience sharing to advance facial feminization surgery as a medical field.
855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
6 citations,
December 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Hormone imbalance is linked to Hidradenitis Suppurativa, a skin condition, and treatments like anti-androgenic therapy and metformin can help. It's also suggested to check patients for insulin resistance and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
129 citations,
January 1977 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Cyproterone Acetate effectively treats androgen-related conditions and is used in prostate cancer therapy and hormone therapy for transgender women.
22 citations,
October 2018 in “British Journal of Haematology” Women have a higher risk of blood clots from hormonal factors and need careful treatment, especially during pregnancy.
1 citations,
October 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The document concludes that treatments for hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse individuals include topical solutions, oral medications, laser therapy, and hair restoration procedures, with progress assessed after 6-12 months.
74 citations,
February 2018 in “Stroke” Women have unique stroke risks due to hormones, contraceptives, pregnancy, and menopause.
January 2012 in “S. Karger AG eBooks” The document concludes that transsexual individuals often experience improved quality of life after transitioning, despite higher risks of psychiatric issues and mortality.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Care for gender-dysphoric Veterans can be improved with a consistent, team-based approach.
71 citations,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
19 citations,
February 2012 in “International Journal of Urology” In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.
162 citations,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
10 citations,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
40 citations,
November 2011 in “American Journal of Human Biology” Stress from being transgender is linked to higher blood pressure at night and more inflammation, which may affect heart health.
37 citations,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
31 citations,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
47 citations,
February 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” LGBT individuals have unique skin health needs, including higher STD risks and side effects from gender-affirming treatments, requiring dermatologists to offer knowledgeable and culturally competent care.
Certain drugs can worsen hair loss in people prone to androgenetic alopecia.