Search

for
Search:

Did you mean Transcription Factors?

Glossary Transcription Factors

proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA

Transcription Factors (TFs) are proteins that help turn specific genes on or off by binding to nearby DNA. They play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, ensuring that genes are activated at the right time and in the right cells, which is essential for processes like development, cell growth, and response to environmental signals.

Related Terms

Sort by

Research

30 / 1000+ results

Structural and Biochemical Changes Underlying a Keratoderma-Like Phenotype in Mice Lacking Suprabasal AP1 Transcription Factor Function

research Structural and biochemical changes underlying a keratoderma-like phenotype in mice lacking suprabasal AP1 transcription factor function

17 citations , February 2015 in “Cell Death and Disease”

This study found that inhibiting AP1 transcription factor activity in the suprabasal epidermis of mice alters keratinocyte gene expression, reducing barrier integrity and mimicking human keratoderma.

research AP-2α/AP-2β transcription factors are key regulators of epidermal homeostasis

January 2024 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

In this study, researchers found that AP-2α and AP-2β are critical for maintaining epidermal homeostasis in adult skin, with their combined loss leading to severe skin and hair abnormalities and early skin inflammation due to impaired keratinocyte differentiation.

Melatonin Promotes the Development of Secondary Hair Follicles in Adult Cashmere Goats by Activating the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting the Inflammatory Transcription Factors NFkB and AP-1

research Melatonin Promotes the Development of Secondary Hair Follicles in Adult Cashmere Goats by Activating the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting the Inflammatory Transcription Factors NFκB and AP-1

1 citations , February 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study found that exogenous melatonin improved cashmere fiber quality and yield in goats by enhancing antioxidant capacity and reducing pro-aging cytokine expression in secondary hair follicles.

research 4-Aminopyridine Induces Nerve Growth Factor to Improve Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration

July 2022 in “Biomedicines”

This study found that 4-aminopyridine significantly enhanced skin wound healing by accelerating wound closure, improving skin architecture, and promoting hair follicle neogenesis and tissue regeneration.

research AP-1 and TGFß cooperativity drives non-canonical Hedgehog signaling in resistant basal cell carcinoma

60 citations , October 2020 in “Nature Communications”

This study found that small molecule AP-1 inhibitors may selectively target SMO inhibitor-resistant basal cell carcinoma cells characterized by specific markers, potentially enhancing combinatorial cancer therapies.

research Human pluripotent stem cell-derived skin organoids enabled pathophysiological model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

December 2025 in “Nature Communications”

This study demonstrated that skin organoids derived from human stem cells can model cutaneous tuberculosis, revealing that fibrosis development in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected organoids is linked to the PI3K-AKT and AP1 pathways in fibroblasts, and suggesting the potential for antifibrotic treatment evaluation.

research The epidermis: rising to the surface

238 citations , October 1994 in “Current opinion in genetics & development”

This article reviews the role of epidermal proteins and regulatory mechanisms in skin diseases, emphasizing recent insights but reports no new experimental results.

Stress-Induced c-Jun-Dependent Vitamin D Receptor Activation Dissects the Non-Classical VDR Pathway from the Classical VDR Activity

research Stress-induced c-Jun-dependent Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Activation Dissects the Non-classical VDR Pathway from the Classical VDR Activity

31 citations , January 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

This study found that c-Jun is essential for vitamin D receptor expression, and the vitamin D receptor inhibits c-Jun-dependent cell death through non-classical mechanisms independent of vitamin D3.

research 3D spheroid culture synchronizes heterogeneous MSCs into an immunomodulatory phenotype with enhanced anti-inflammatory effects

13 citations , August 2024 in “iScience”

This study found that 3D spheroid culture reprogrammed mesenchymal stem cells into a uniform immunosuppressive phenotype, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for inflammatory diseases like psoriasis.

research A preliminary study of differentially expressed genes in expanded skin and normal skin: implications for adult skin regeneration

16 citations , January 2011 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

This study identified 77 genes with significant expression changes in expanded human skin, suggesting possible mechanisms for skin regeneration during tissue expansion, including previously unreported genes like HOXA5, HOXB2, and AP1.

research Data from Activator Protein-1 Activity Regulates Epithelial Tumor Cell Identity

March 2023

This study found that inhibiting AP-1 transcription factors in mice causes squamous tumors to transform into sebaceous tumors and regulates tumor cell lineage.

research PIEZO1-mediated calcium signaling reinforces mechanical properties of hair follicle stem cells to promote quiescence

May 2025 in “Science Advances”

In this study, researchers reported that hair follicle stem cells maintain quiescence through a PIEZO1-dependent mechanism that senses mechanical forces and translates them into localized calcium influx, involving a transcriptional network that regulates cell adhesion and cytoskeleton-related genes.

Androgen Receptor Activation Integrates Complex Transcriptional Effects in Osteoblasts, Involving the Growth Factors TGF-β and IGF-I, and Transcription Factor C/EBPδ

research Androgen receptor activation integrates complex transcriptional effects in osteoblasts, involving the growth factors TGF-β and IGF-I, and transcription factor C/EBPδ

11 citations , July 2015 in “Gene”

This study found that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) suppresses prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β induced IGF-I gene promoter activity in osteoblasts, suggesting complex interactions among bone growth regulators and potential complications from anabolic steroid use.

All Roads Lead to the Nucleus: Integration of Signaling, Transcription Factor-Mediated, and Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Control of Skin Development and Regeneration

research All Roads Go to the Nucleus: Integration of Signaling/Transcription Factor-Mediated and Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Control of Skin Development and Regeneration

January 2018 in “Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine”

This review discusses the interplay between signaling/transcription factor-mediated and epigenetic mechanisms in skin development and regeneration, highlighting the need for further exploration of epigenome reorganization in these processes.

research LB999 Role of transcription factor Ovol2 in skin epithelial regeneration and repair

September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Ovol2 is essential for normal skin and hair regeneration.

research Transcriptional Control of Epidermal Stem Cells

4 citations , January 2013 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology”

This article reviews mammalian skin epidermis as a model for studying stem cell regulation, noting the utility of in vitro and ex vivo platforms, but it reports no new empirical findings.

research Forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor whn regulates hair keratin gene expression: Molecular analysis of theNude skin phenotype

75 citations , April 2000 in “Developmental Dynamics”

This study suggests that the structural integrity and physical proximity of Whn's DNA binding and activation domains are crucial for hair keratin gene activation and may explain the nude phenotype.

17β-Estradiol Enhances Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production and Dihydrotestosterone Antagonizes the Enhancement via the Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase in Differentiated THP-1 Cells

research 17β-Estradiol Enhances Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production and Dihydrotestosterone Antagonizes the Enhancement via the Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase in Differentiated THP-1 Cells

18 citations , March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

In this study, 17β-estradiol increased VEGF production in differentiated THP-1 cells, while dihydrotestosterone counteracted this effect by modulating adenylate cyclase activity.

Maternal Melatonin Contributes to Offspring Hair Follicle Development Through Transcriptional Regulation of the AP-1 Complex and MAPK Pathway

research Maternal Melatonin Contributes to Offspring Hair Follicle Development Through Transcriptional Regulation of the AP-1 Complex and MAPK Pathway

February 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

In this study, maternal melatonin implantation in pregnant rabbits reduced hair follicle cell apoptosis and increased hair follicle density in their neonatal offspring, suggesting a beneficial impact on hair follicle development mediated through specific molecular pathways.

research Prediction of cell states and key transcription factors of the human cornea through integrated single-cell omics analyses

July 2025 in “PNAS Nexus”

This study integrated single-cell RNA-seq data from four previous studies to create a comprehensive human corneal cell state meta-atlas, revealing novel marker genes, rare cell states, and distinct transcription factors, and offering a tool to enhance future cornea research.

Cell-Type-Specific Chromatin States Differentially Prime Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor-Initiating Cells for Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

research Cell-Type-Specific Chromatin States Differentially Prime Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor-Initiating Cells for Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

174 citations , November 2016 in “Cell stem cell”

This study found that squamous cell carcinomas from hair follicle stem cells are more prone to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis than those from interfollicular epidermis, due to distinct chromatin landscapes.

research Large Scale Gene Expression Profiles of Regenerating Inner Ear Sensory Epithelia

77 citations , June 2007 in “PLoS ONE”

This study identified changes in transcription factor gene expression across various signaling pathways during inner ear hair cell regeneration in birds, revealing patterns and potential new pathways for future investigation.

research p53 Is a Direct Transcriptional Repressor of Keratin 17: Lessons from a Rat Model of Radiation Dermatitis

19 citations , December 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that keratin 17 expression is initially down-regulated and later strongly up-regulated by ionizing radiation in a rat model, with p53 repressing early transcription.

research Hair of the Dog: Identification of a Cis-Regulatory Module Predicted to Influence Canine Coat Composition

14 citations , April 2019 in “Genes”

This study identified a genetic locus associated with coat type in domestic dogs, showing certain variants linked to single-coated breeds and suggesting potential regulatory roles.

research DNA Damage, Checkpoint Responses, and Cell Cycle Control in Aging Stem Cells

January 2012 in “Else Kröner-Fresenius Symposia”

This symposium reported that DNA damage accumulation in aging stem cells affects genome integrity, highlighting novel mechanisms like Bmi1's role in DNA repair and the involvement of BATF in lymphoid differentiation.

research The Tissue-dependent Keratin 19 Gene Transcription Is Regulated by GKLF/KLF4 and Sp1

119 citations , September 2000 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

This study found that the K19 promoter is active in certain gastrointestinal cancer cells and its activity is influenced by the interaction between GKLF and Sp1 transcription factors.

research SPT6 maintains epidermal homeostasis by inhibiting an NF-κB-positive feedback loop to prevent excessive inflammation

April 2026 in “Cellular and Molecular Immunology”

In a conditional knockout mouse model, this study found that loss of the transcription elongation factor SPT6 in basal keratinocytes led to psoriasis-like skin inflammation and delayed wound healing, suggesting SPT6 plays a crucial role in maintaining epidermal immune quiescence by suppressing proinflammatory NF-κB signaling.

research Langerin+ Dendritic Cells in Cutaneous Fibrosis: The TGF-β1 Signaling Axis

October 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

This study synthesizes knowledge of how dendritic cell signals, epithelial integrins, and fibroblast activity converge on TGF-β1 to maintain or disrupt skin healing, contrasting normal and fibrotic scar formation and suggesting possible integrin and immune-targeted treatments for skin fibrosis.

research MOF-mediated Histone H4 Lysine 16 Acetylation Governs Mitochondrial and Ciliary Functions By Controlling Gene Promoters

November 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study found that conditional deletion of Mof in mice resulted in severe defects in skin development, including compromised epidermal differentiation and hair growth, leading to perinatal lethality.

research Adipocytes in Skin Health and Disease

77 citations , March 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine”

This research abstract provides no results, focusing on the equal contributions of the authors in the field of molecular, cellular, and developmental biology from Yale University.