10 citations,
February 2017 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” Metformin effectively improves metabolic symptoms in women with PCOS, while alfacalcidiol does not have a significant impact.
March 2024 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal/Middle East Fertility Society Journal ” PCOS patients have more central body fat, which can be effectively measured using DEXA.
14 citations,
August 2014 in “Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism” A low-starch/low-dairy diet may help overweight women with PCOS lose weight and improve metabolism, but more research is needed.
90 citations,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
306 citations,
August 2011 in “Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle” Enobosarm significantly increased muscle mass and improved physical function in elderly men and postmenopausal women without serious side effects.
1 citations,
January 2017 in “Journal of rare disease research & treatment” Obesity is common in PCOS patients and early treatment is important for their heart and metabolic health.
37 citations,
June 2011 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.
15 citations,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
92 citations,
September 2015 in “Journal of Lipid Research” Skin fat helps with body temperature control and has other active roles in health.
3 citations,
March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
128 citations,
December 2006 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Altering SSAT affects fat metabolism and body fat in mice.
2 citations,
September 2011 in “InTech eBooks” The document outlines steps for moving fat from one body part to another.
31 citations,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
506 citations,
March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
8 citations,
March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.
January 2017 in “Springer eBooks” Eating a balanced diet with specific nutrients can help manage menopause symptoms and prevent related health issues.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Exposure to fatty acids significantly increased androgen levels in female dogs, suggesting a link to conditions like insulin resistance and PCOS.
270 citations,
April 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS often have more belly fat and higher insulin levels, but belly fat isn't the only cause of their insulin resistance.
A high-fat diet caused severe health problems in female macaques but was reversible with a normal diet, while male macaques reacted differently.
155 citations,
March 2006 in “The American Journal of Medicine” Women with PCOS have heart-related issues not because of obesity, but due to insulin resistance and low adiponectin levels.
7 citations,
April 2014 in “Cell biology international” Melatonin treatment helps improve skin health in postmenopausal rats.
42 citations,
September 2012 in “PLoS ONE” Bezafibrate treatment improved skin and spleen health in aging mice but didn't extend lifespan.
December 2021 in “Acta Marisiensis” Insulin resistance increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and other health issues.
8 citations,
February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
14 citations,
August 2019 in “BioMed Research International” Belly fat is the main predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in both women with Polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy women.
49 citations,
March 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin fat plays a key role in immune defense and healing beyond just storing energy.
22 citations,
October 2011 in “Bone” Androgens affect bone and fat cell development differently based on the cells' embryonic origin.
28 citations,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.
April 2023 in “JMIR Research Protocols” The study aims to create a model to predict health attributes using diverse health data from Japanese adults.
37 citations,
October 2021 in “Nutrients” Vitamin D might help regulate insulin in the body, but taking Vitamin D supplements doesn't clearly prevent or improve type 2 diabetes. More research is needed.