November 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This meta-analysis suggests a significant association between the use of facial sunscreen and moisturizer and frontal fibrosing alopecia, while finding no significant relationship with hair products or treatments.
June 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Tapinarof cream at 1% concentration is effective and better tolerated for treating atopic dermatitis than the 2% concentration.
17 citations
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July 2022 in “BMC Genomics” This study found that overexpression of the FA2H gene in cashmere goats' hair follicle cells may enhance hair proliferation and regulate genes affecting cashmere fineness.
20 citations
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May 2013 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” This study identified a novel missense MAFB variant in a family with some unaffected members, suggesting incomplete penetrance and the potential influence of modifier genes, epigenetic mechanisms, or environmental factors on MCTO phenotype.
32 citations
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September 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, researchers reported that oral isotretinoin effectively treated facial papules in frontal fibrosing alopecia, with histopathologic findings suggesting the involvement of elastic fibers and sebaceous glands in papule formation beyond perifollicular inflammation.
2 citations
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July 2022 in “Frontiers in Medicine” This review discusses the current understanding of frontal fibrosing alopecia's pathogenesis, highlighting genetic susceptibility, immune response involvement, and possible links to steroid hormones, but reports no new clinical results.
August 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Frontal fibrosing alopecia may be caused by an autoimmune reaction and hormonal imbalance.
February 2011 in “Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie” This study found that tofacitinib was well tolerated and led to clinical improvement in 77% of potential responders with severe alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, or alopecia universalis.
June 2024 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” In this study, 40% of alopecia areata patients using topical 2% tofacitinib ointment achieved greater than 50% improvement in hair regrowth after six months, showing significant efficacy compared to controls, with no serious adverse effects reported.
2 citations
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March 2011 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This case report describes an 18-year-old male with IFAP syndrome, confirmed by total hair loss, severe photophobia, and characteristic skin changes, marking a rare presentation of the condition.
4 citations
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May 2023 in “Cells” In this study, baricitinib treatment improved the differentiation of skin-derived precursors into adipocytes for diseases like Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, suggesting potential benefits when combined with lonafarnib.
August 2021 in “Case Reports” This report describes a case where a woman with frontal fibrosing alopecia initially presented with symptoms resembling rosacea, but further investigation led to a diagnosis of FFA, resulting in a treatment change to oral finasteride and hydroxychloroquine.
1 citations
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February 2025 in “Pediatric Dermatology” This study found that oral tofacitinib achieved significant hair regrowth in children with moderate to severe alopecia areata, with 72.2% reaching a 75% improvement and 52.8% achieving complete regrowth, though some patients did not respond and further research is needed on the treatment's long-term effects.
March 2025 in “International Journal of Trichology” This case report describes the first observed instance of fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution in a child, suggesting the condition is not solely androgen dependent.
11 citations
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January 1992 in “PubMed” In this study, the researchers found distinct patterns of TGF-beta 1 and IGF-II expression in pig fetal subcutaneous tissue, suggesting specific regulatory roles in developing adipocytes and muscle tissue.
June 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study compared oral tofacitinib and methotrexate in treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata, finding that tofacitinib was more effective at reducing SALT scores and improving scalp hair assessment PRO scores, though both treatments reduced psychological distress similarly without serious adverse effects.
4 citations
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May 2011 in “Movement Disorders” A woman's unique dementia was misdiagnosed, a genetic mutation increases Parkinson's risk with age, and finasteride may help with Tourette syndrome.
6 citations
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January 2019 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology” This study discovered that adipose tissue infiltration at the isthmus level appears significantly more often in frontal fibrosing alopecia cases compared to controls, suggesting a potential role in the condition's pathology.
990 citations
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October 1999 in “Development” This study found that LEF1/TCF3 is necessary but not sufficient for TOPGAL activation in hair follicle development, indicating complex regulation in the skin.
August 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study of alopecia areata patients found that a 10 mg twice-daily dose of oral tofacitinib led to significant hair regrowth, suggesting it may be beneficial for treatment.
December 2016 in “Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra” This case study reports successful treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia with daily 2.5mg finasteride in a 77-year-old woman.
7 citations
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January 2019 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” In this study, the CYP 21A2 gene p.V281L mutation was associated with an increased susceptibility to familial frontal fibrosing alopecia, suggesting an antigen-driven mechanism linked to certain human leukocyte antigen haplotypes.
87 citations
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July 2018 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research” This review discusses the essential roles and complex regulation of PP2A in various physiological processes and reports no clinical results; the authors highlight the need for further mouse model research to explore PP2A's therapeutic potential.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Public Health” This study observed distinct post-marketing safety signal patterns for baricitinib and tofacitinib in adult AA, influenced by their differing regulatory uses and real-world contexts, and emphasizes the need for future studies to validate these findings.
1 citations
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May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, researchers identified a temperature-sensitive mutation in the FERONIA gene of plants that prevents root hair formation at elevated temperatures, highlighting its role in maintaining root hair growth and response to plant hormones.
September 2022 in “XXXIX Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia” In this case report, a 42-year-old woman with cutaneous dermatomyositis showed significant improvement, including reduction of erythema, pruritus, and scaling, after starting JAK inhibitor tofacitinib, especially when conventional systemic treatments failed and intravenous immune globulin wasn't viable.
56 citations
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March 2010 in “Journal of Dermatology” This review provides a synopsis of 53 cases of temporal triangular alopecia, noting its frequent detection in early childhood and potential association with congenital diseases, but it reports no new clinical findings.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” This article questions whether frontal fibrosing alopecia and fibrosing androgeneic patterned hair loss are overlapping conditions or stages of the same process, calling for further research to clarify their underlying factors.
January 1990 in “Medical Entomology and Zoology” This study developed a faster method for analyzing fatty acid ethyl esters in hair to help detect alcohol consumption levels, showing potential for applications in forensic and clinical settings.
28 citations
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December 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This review summarizes findings on the long-term use of tofacitinib for severe alopecia areata, reporting its potential as a promising treatment option.