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Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.

Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.

Using buccal mucosa for hypospadias repair in children is effective and reduces complications.

DHEA did not improve sexual function, well-being, or menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with low libido but caused side effects like acne and increased facial hair.

Taking DHEA for a year is generally safe for postmenopausal women but may cause acne and more facial hair without improving metabolism or aging.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can harm women's sexual health, and they may benefit from hormone therapy and counseling.

Researchers had trouble finding enough participants for a trial on DHEA's effects on postmenopausal women's sexual desire.

Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.

Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.

Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.

5α-Reductase inhibitors do not consistently increase testosterone levels in the blood.

Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.

Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.

Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.

Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.

Male hormones affect oil-producing skin cells differently based on their body location, and the drug spironolactone can reduce these effects.

Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.

Finasteride can have lasting negative effects on brain function and behavior by disrupting neurosteroid production.

Some plant-derived compounds may help with hormonal conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is hard due to varying symptoms, no set criteria, and the need for better tests and education.

Inhibiting 5α-reductase can help reduce prostate cancer risk and improve treatment.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.

Spironolactone works well for acne and hirsutism, isotretinoin is very effective for acne and may have antiandrogenic effects, and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors should be considered antiandrogens.

Current research explores hair growth drugs, while future research aims for personalized treatments.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) increases connections between brain cells and boosts their activity, but it blocks the effects of a male hormone on brain cell plasticity.

Finasteride can cause lasting sexual dysfunction, depression, and other side effects, needing more research for treatment.

Male pattern baldness may be caused by factors like poor blood circulation, scalp tension, stress, and hormonal imbalances, but the exact causes are still unclear.

Environmental factors and exposure to toxins may contribute to male infertility by affecting sperm and hormone function.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause serious and possibly lasting sexual and psychological side effects.