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A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.

Mouse hair follicle stem cells lose their ability to change into different cell types after being grown for a long time.

The document explains the genetic causes and characteristics of inherited hair disorders.

The document explains hair and nail biology, common hair loss conditions and treatments, oral and genital skin diseases, and the risks and treatments associated with squamous cell carcinoma.

The new gel for psoriasis is effective, stable, and easy to apply.

The document concludes that understanding hair biology is key to treating hair disorders, with gene therapy showing potential as a future treatment.

Gender affects hair and scalp characteristics, with differences in hormone responses, graying patterns, and trace metals.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa is likely an autoinflammatory disease, and better understanding its causes could improve treatments.

Skin stem cells are crucial for maintaining and repairing the skin and hair, using a complex mix of signals to do so.

Keratins help protect cells, aid in cancer diagnosis, and influence cancer behavior and treatment.

Different types of fibroblasts play various roles in diseases and healing, and more research on them could improve treatments.

Different types of skin cells play specific roles in development, healing, and cancer.

Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Hair follicles may soon be used more for targeted and systemic drug delivery.

Stem cells in the hair follicle are regulated by their surrounding environment, which is important for hair growth.

Nanoparticles can improve skin drug delivery but have challenges like toxicity and stability that need more research.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

The telogen phase of hair growth is active and important for preparing hair follicles for regeneration, not just a resting stage.

Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 15 are key markers for monitoring the quality and self-renewing potential of engineered skin.

Hair, teeth, and mammary glands develop similarly at first but use different genes later.

Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.

A genetic change in the EDAR gene causes the unique hair traits found in East Asians.

Blocking β-catenin in skin cells improves hair growth during wound healing.

Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

Stress can worsen skin conditions by affecting hormone levels and immune response.

Overexpressing the mineralocorticoid receptor in mouse skin causes skin thinning, early skin barrier development, eye issues, and hair loss.

Nanoparticles can enter the skin, potentially causing toxicity, especially in damaged skin.

Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.