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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Stem cell niches are crucial for regulating stem cell behavior and tissue health, and their decline can impact aging and cancer.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

Lichen Planus is a less common condition affecting skin and mucous membranes, with various types and associated risk factors, challenging to diagnose, significantly impacts life quality, and may have a risk of cancerous changes in oral lesions.

The article suggests managing interferon beta therapy side effects in MS with dose adjustments, medications, and patient education.

Acne affects most teenagers and can continue into adulthood, with various treatments available that show improvement but have concerns like antibiotic resistance and side effects.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Iron deficiency may be related to hair loss, but there's not enough evidence to recommend iron screening or supplements for all hair loss patients.

Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.

Essential oils in cosmetics can offer benefits but may cause allergies and should be used carefully.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Blocking COX, especially COX-2, in the skin can reduce inflammation and pain and may help prevent skin cancer.

RNAi-based biopesticides could be safe and effective for pest control with careful development and risk assessment.

The enzyme 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase is essential for healthy skin and recovery after skin damage.

Matriptase is crucial for keeping epithelial tissues healthy and functioning properly.

GABRA2 gene variations impact alcohol response, and hair loss medication finasteride reduces some effects.

Microneedles help improve skin appearance and deliver skin treatments effectively, but safety concerns need more research and regulation.

Hibiscus plant extracts may have health benefits like lowering blood pressure and protecting the heart.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling controls cell development and repair, and its malfunction can cause disorders and cancer, but it also offers potential for targeted therapies.

Eclipta alba extract improved learning, memory, and stress-related ulcers in rats without affecting movement or causing anxiety.

Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.

Minoxidil effectively lowers blood pressure without major side effects.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment are important for skin problems in women with PCOS.

Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.

Newborn mouse skin cells can grow hair and this process can be recreated in adult cells to potentially help with hair loss.

The genus Sophora has compounds with potential health benefits and could lead to new drugs, but more research is needed to understand their effects and safety.

Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.

Effective hair loss treatment in women requires correct diagnosis and can include medications like minoxidil, antiandrogens, and treatments for underlying conditions like PCOS.