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PCOS may be influenced by factors in the blood, not just the ovaries.

Exposure to fatty acids significantly increased androgen levels in female dogs, suggesting a link to conditions like insulin resistance and PCOS.

The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.

Sebocytes play a key role in controlling androgen levels in human skin.

Women with PCOS have overall higher body fat, not abnormal fat placement, and more insulin resistance.

Finasteride, CPA, and flutamide are all equally effective in reducing excessive hair growth in women.

Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.

Myo-inositol helps improve skin conditions and metabolic profiles in young women with PCOS.

Acne severity is linked to higher levels of certain androgenic hormones, even when those levels are within the normal range.

Melatonin and mitotane treatment led to hair re-growth in 62% of dogs with Alopecia X, but this was not always linked to normal hormone levels.

Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.

Cyproterone acetate is effective for treating hirsutism and acne but less so for hair loss, with side effects similar to birth control pills.

The enzyme that changes testosterone to a stronger form is mostly found in the part of the hair follicle called the dermal papilla.

Most dogs with alopecia had higher than normal levels of certain hormones, but hair loss might not always be linked to these hormone changes.

Over half of the adult women with acne in the study had higher than normal levels of male hormones, especially DHEA.

Women with female pattern hair loss have higher levels of certain androgens, suggesting increased androgen exposure to hair follicles.

Human sebaceous glands contain enzymes that affect androgen production and may influence sebum production and acne.

Women's ovarian hormones and adrenal androgens change throughout life, affecting hair loss and health.

Androgenic steroids can slow down or stop the growth of certain skin fungi.

Different skin cells process testosterone differently, and certain drugs can change this process, possibly helping treat acne and hair loss.

New hormonal treatments for enlarged prostate show promise for safer, effective non-surgical options.

Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants may help treat hair loss.

Metformin improved menstrual cycle regularity and signs of hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes but did not improve blood sugar control.

Chinese women with PCOS have higher androgen levels, which change with age and weight.

Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.

Cyclosporine A therapy changes sex hormone levels differently in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Certain gene variations are linked to a higher risk of severe acne, suggesting a genetic influence on the condition.