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COVID-19 can cause skin issues like rashes and "COVID toes," and people with skin conditions should adjust their treatments if they get the virus.

Exemestane is effective and safe for treating certain breast cancers, with mild side effects, but needs more research on long-term effects.

The Middle East and Africa need better data, treatment consensus, and support for Alopecia Areata.

Lichen planus is a skin condition that can resolve on its own, is linked to hepatitis C, and increases the risk of skin cancer.

PCOS may increase the risk of mental health issues like depression and anxiety.

Hormonal therapies are effective for managing hair and skin symptoms in women with PCOS.

Primary care is key in managing PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes and medications like birth control and metformin.

The bulletin provides guidelines for diagnosing and managing PCOS, suggesting weight loss, hormonal contraceptives, and diabetes screening, with clomiphene for infertility and various treatments for excess hair.

Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

The exact cause of increased 5α-reductase activity leading to hirsutism in women is still unknown.

Losing 5-10% body weight can improve PCOS symptoms, letrozole is better than clomiphene for fertility, and managing weight and blood sugar is important to reduce pregnancy complications.

The enzyme PST is found in developing human kidneys and helps with detoxification and development.

Laser hair removal is effective for dark hair but needs improvement for nonpigmented or fine hairs.

Anti-Müllerian hormone is a specific marker for ovarian issues in women with conditions like PCOS.

Don't combine abiraterone and spironolactone for prostate cancer treatment as it may worsen the disease.

Lifestyle changes and clomiphene are first-line treatments for infertility in women with PCOS, with other options available if these fail.

A young Saudi girl with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes and hypothyroidism had two rare conditions, Mauriac syndrome and Van Wyk–Grumbach syndrome.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

Chemotherapy causes hair loss by damaging hair follicles and stem cells, with more research needed for prevention and treatment.

Metformin is effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with PCOS and may work better than the standard treatment in some ways.

The document concludes that more research is needed to better understand and treat primary cicatricial alopecias, and suggests a possible reclassification based on molecular pathways.

Modern lifestyles, including poor diet, stress, and long-term use of certain medications, hinder the body's ability to heal from inflammation, leading to chronic diseases.

Thyroid hormones help hair grow, reduce hair loss, and increase hair pigment.

Male pattern hair loss is genetic and influenced by hormones, with treatments like minoxidil and surgery available.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment are important for skin problems in women with PCOS.

Chronic Telogen Effluvium may resolve after years and is diagnosed by examining the patient's history and clinical signs, with treatment aimed at underlying causes and possibly minoxidil.

Melanocyte development from neural crest cells is complex and influenced by many factors, and better understanding could help treat skin disorders.