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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Stem cell niches are crucial for regulating stem cell behavior and tissue health, and their decline can impact aging and cancer.

Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.

Lecithin organogels could be good for applying drugs to the skin because they are stable, safe, and can improve drug absorption.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Some medicinal plants can help heal wounds and may lead to new treatments.

Omeprazole effectively treats severe acid reflux in children for short-term use, but long-term safety needs more research.

Memory T cells in the skin balance staying put and moving into the blood, clustering around hair follicles, and increasing in number after infection.

Microneedles improve drug delivery in various body parts, are safe and painless, and show promise in cosmetology, vaccination, insulin delivery, and other medical applications.

The enzyme 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase is essential for healthy skin and recovery after skin damage.

Turmeric may have benefits for skin health, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Nanoparticles can improve skin drug delivery but have challenges like toxicity and stability that need more research.

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

TRP channels in the skin are important for sensation and health, and targeting them could help treat skin disorders.

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

Androgens can both stimulate and cause hair loss, and understanding their effects is key to treating hair disorders.

BMP2 and BMP7 have opposite roles in feather formation.

Mice studies show that Protein Phosphatase 2A is crucial for cell growth, development, and disease prevention.

Diazoxide, minoxidil sulphate, and cromakalim relax rat blood vessels by opening K+ channels, with some differences in their actions.

Circadian rhythms are crucial for stem cell function and tissue repair, and understanding them may improve aging and regeneration treatments.

Certain steroids in the brain affect mood and symptoms of depression, and treatments targeting these steroids show promise for improving these symptoms.

The tumor suppressor gene FLCN affects mitochondrial function and energy use in cells.

Despite progress, better treatments and understanding are needed for the high rates of long-term issues and deaths linked to eating disorders.

Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.

New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.

Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.

Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.

Neurosteroids show promise for treating epilepsy and more research is needed.

The p53 protein has complex, sometimes contradictory functions, including tumor suppression and promoting cell survival.