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Topical finasteride and flutamide reduce gland size and enzyme activity, with flutamide being more potent, potentially treating acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia.

Testosterone and some of its forms can strongly stimulate oil gland growth in skin.

Isotretinoin shrinks sebaceous glands without affecting hair or skin color, unlike etretinate.

Engineered skin substitutes can grow hair but have limitations like missing sebaceous glands and hair not breaking through the skin naturally.

The document concludes that skin stem cells are important for hair growth and wound healing, and could be used in regenerative medicine.

The human sebocyte culture model has improved understanding of oily skin and acne, and how they can be treated.

The hedgehog signalling pathway is key in skin development and basal cell carcinoma, offering insights for prevention and treatment.

Isotretinoin is highly effective in treating severe acne, rosacea, and gram-negative folliculitis.

Hair follicle stem cells are key for hair and skin regeneration, can be reprogrammed, and have potential therapeutic uses, but also carry a risk of cancer.

Different types of stem cells in hair follicles play unique roles in wound healing and hair growth, with some stem cells not originating from existing hair follicles but from non-hair follicle cells. WNT signaling and the Lhx2 factor are key in creating new hair follicles.

The document concludes that more research is needed to better understand and treat primary cicatricial alopecias, and suggests a possible reclassification based on molecular pathways.

Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.

Pregnancy can cause skin darkening, varicose veins, more sweating, hair growth, hair loss after birth, nail changes, and gum inflammation.

Vitamin D is important for skin health and may affect conditions like psoriasis and hair loss, but more research is needed to understand its role fully.

Pregnancy can cause skin pigmentation, stretch marks, and changes in hair, nails, and sweat glands, with most resolving after birth.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of different types of hair loss requires careful examination of hair and scalp tissue, considering both clinical and microscopic features.

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

DHEA stimulates skin oil glands and could help postmenopausal women, with potential for acne and excessive hair growth treatments.

Activating Nrf2 in skin cells causes skin disease similar to chloracne in mice.

Edar signaling is crucial for proper hair follicle development and function.

Progress has been made in skin and nerve regeneration, but more research is needed to improve methods and ensure safety.

Skin stem cells maintain and repair the outer layer of skin, with some types being essential for healing wounds.

Activating β-catenin in different skin stem cells causes various types of hair growth and skin tumors.

The conclusion is that acne, alopecia, and hyperhidrosis are common skin issues with various treatments available, and accurate diagnosis is key for effective management.

Benign follicular mucinosis involves immune cells attacking hair follicles.

Dupilumab may cause significant hair loss, which can reverse after stopping the drug.

Retinoic acid production and signaling in hair follicles are regulated by location and timing, affecting hair growth and cycling.

The best way to treat acne is to prevent healthy skin glands from turning into acne lesions by controlling the triggers early on.

Thujae occidentalis semen extract may help treat male pattern baldness by blocking a hair loss-related enzyme and reducing hair loss in mice.

Androgen receptor activity blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling, affecting hair growth and skin cell balance.