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This review summarizes recent advances in understanding intermediate filament structure and their implications for pathological mutations and human diseases, but it reports no new experimental results.

This study identified FP-1 as a highly specific extracellular matrix protein in follicular papilla cells, which may play a role in hair growth regulation during specific hair cycle phases.

In this study, NuMA's microtubule-binding domain was found to be crucial for correct spindle orientation and skin differentiation, with its loss leading to neonatal lethality in mice.

In this study, researchers identified that certain inflammatory cytokines, including osteoprotegerin and leukemia inhibitory factor, are inversely associated with hypertrophic scar risk, whereas others like CDCP1, GDNF, and PD-L1 show a positive association, suggesting potential pathways for intervention in scar formation.

This study found that the transcription factor Trps1 acts as a novel regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway and early hair follicle progenitors in developing vibrissa follicles in mice.

This study characterized the mouse profilaggrin gene, finding it structurally identical to its human counterpart, and noted differences in protein-coding regions that could impact epidermal differentiation.

In this study, the authors identified and characterized the Get3d protein, conserved across plants and photosynthetic bacteria, which localizes to the chloroplast in Arabidopsis thaliana and potentially plays a role in tail-anchored protein targeting, linked to photosynthesis homeostasis.

This study utilized the DNP–SANS technique on human hair for the first time and found significant changes in the SANS profile dependent on polarization conditions, providing insights into the structural composition and dynamic properties of keratin and its associated proteins.

This research suggests that targeting the HIF-1α pathway via PHD inhibitors may enable regeneration similar to amphibians in mammals, potentially fast-tracking regenerative therapies from mice to humans.

This study found that keratin 17 and TNFα play interdependent roles in regulating hair follicle cycling, with TNFα required for the anagen–catagen transition and its ablation partially rescuing hair cycling defects in K17-null mice.

This study indicates that MAGE-11 modulates androgen receptor transcriptional activity through F-box interactions, independent of the activation function 2 pathway, revealing a novel mechanism for androgen receptor regulation.

This study found that certain proteins linked to immune suppression and melanogenesis are associated with repigmentation in vitiligo patients undergoing standard treatment, suggesting these proteins and their pathways play roles distinct from merely reversing skin lesions.

This study found that the collagen-binding fusion protein PTH-CBD significantly improved hair regrowth and follicle health in mice after chemotherapy, suggesting potential as a therapy for chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

This study found that serine 44 in the N-terminal head domain of keratin 17 is phosphorylated in response to various stimuli affecting skin keratinocyte growth, linking K17 up-regulation with growth and stress responses in skin epithelium.

In this study, transgenic mice altered to express a Clim-inhibiting molecule under a keratin promoter showed corneal degradation and hair follicle failure, highlighting Clim proteins' role in maintaining these tissues.

In this study, researchers created a mutant mouse lacking the first cut repeat in the Cux/CDP protein, resulting in curly vibrissae and wavy hair, supporting the role of Cux/CDP's DNA binding domains in gene regulation during development.

This study found that the NuMA protein's microtubule-binding domain is essential for proper spindle orientation and differentiation in keratinocytes, affecting skin and hair development in mice.

This study found that keratins have evolutionarily conserved and domain-selectively enriched amino acids, which likely reflect their unique structural roles, with distinct patterns observed among epidermal, hair, and simple-type epithelial keratins.

This study suggests that caveolin-1 may be a potential target for treating psoriasis, as its downregulation was linked to psoriasis markers that improved with soluble caveolin scaffolding domain peptide treatment.

In this study, researchers mapped cysteine accessibility in wool keratins and KAPs, revealing that certain cysteines in keratin end domains and Types I and II rod domains are accessible and likely involved in forming disulfide bonds.

In this study, PTH–CBD displayed dose-dependent effects in reducing hair loss and enhancing hair regrowth in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

In this study, homozygous VDR null mutant mice exhibited nonfunctional vitamin D receptors, leading to growth abnormalities and revealing the limited physiological importance of vitamin D pathways outside the classical receptor.

In this study, researchers observed that a noncanonical mechanism involving the γ-secretase-dependent, RBPj-independent Notch intracellular domain improves survival in Msx2-Cre mice by delaying hair follicle destruction and reducing disease severity.

This study found that treatment with PTH-CBD stimulated hair growth in mice with alopecia areata, with increased levels of beta catenin indicating activation of the Wnt pathway.

This study found that genes in the human keratin-associated protein 1 family may have evolved mainly through gene duplication of cysteine-repeat motifs.

In this study using C3H/HeJ mice, a single subcutaneous injection of the fusion protein PTH-CBD increased anagen hair follicle counts and promoted hair regrowth comparably to daily oral ruxolitinib, potentially by enhancing beta-catenin production and stimulating anagen transition.

This study suggests that the mechanical robustness of hair may be enhanced by the binding interactions of keratin-associated proteins, particularly KAP8.1, with intermediate filament proteins.

This review summarizes research on the synthesis and gene regulation of keratin in hair follicles, noting that coordinated gene activity is essential for hair follicle differentiation and normal hair growth, with gene clusters suggesting possible global regulatory domains.

This study found that CTCF is crucial for proper skin and hair follicle development in mice, affecting keratinocyte differentiation and gene expression in keratin loci.

This study identified a nonsense mutation in the zinc-finger domain of the hairless gene associated with congenital atrichia in a Japanese family, indicating a potential genetic cause for this rare form of alopecia.