July 2026 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” This review discusses the dermatological and systemic adverse effects of hair dye use, particularly focusing on the common allergen para-phenylenediamine, and reports no new clinical data.
43 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” This article reviews innovations in hair cosmetics, focusing on esthetic procedures and products in the Indian market, and reports no new experimental findings.
6 citations
,
January 2016 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology” This study found that the majority of "hypoallergenic" hair dyes still triggered allergic reactions in patients sensitive to para-phenylenediamine.
15 citations
,
July 2022 in “Nano Research” This study suggests that using cholesterol-free liposomes, specifically PPD-Lip, as a delivery system with dutasteride may enhance the treatment of androgenetic alopecia by promoting hair regrowth in mice models.
9 citations
,
July 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, an ammonia-free and PPD-free permanent hair dye was tested on 50 ethnically diverse females, showing no cases of contact dermatitis and significant improvements in hair shine, color, moisturization, porosity, and combability after two dyeing sessions.
8 citations
,
March 2015 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” This study found that para-phenylenediamine induces cytotoxic effects in normal human hair dermal papilla cells by altering microRNA expression and causing cell death, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress.
In their review, the authors discussed the increasing issue of allergies to hair products, highlighting common allergens such as hair dyes and topical minoxidil, and outlined diagnostic methods and alternatives for those affected, particularly addressing higher risks among hairdressers due to professional exposure.
January 2025 in “American Journal of Medical and Clinical Research & Reviews” In this literature review, potential health risks of toxic chemicals commonly found in cosmetic products were linked to issues such as cancer, reproductive abnormalities, and skin diseases, highlighting concerns over ingredients like talc, parabens, and phthalates.
March 2007 in “The FASEB Journal” This observational study reports a striking correlation between the use of henna hair dye and a specific pattern of hair loss, termed "hennapecia," but calls for experimental research to determine causality.
4 citations
,
January 2018 in “Urology & Nephrology Open Access Journal” This case report details an instance of acute kidney injury following the inhalation of hair dye during a hairstyle session.
1 citations
,
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This study reviews the transformative role of artificial intelligence in biomaterial design, highlighting its ability to reduce costs through virtual screening, enhance material performance, and predict biological interactions to advance personalized and precision medicine.
January 2013 in “Springer eBooks” Hair care products are important for appearance and self-esteem, and choosing the right ones can help maintain healthy hair.
12 citations
,
May 2013 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that a non-ionic ethosomal carrier system significantly improved the delivery and adsorption of black tea extracts onto hair surfaces in vitro, suggesting its potential as a hair dye and protective agent.
December 2025 in “Journal of Pharma Insights and Research.” This study explains the formulation and evaluation of a natural polyherbal shampoo, which effectively colors hair and provides conditioning without the dermal and systemic toxicity risks of synthetic dyes, offering an effective alternative to conventional products.
72 citations
,
July 2003 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This review discusses the psychological importance of hair and explores how various hair cosmetics can affect hair health, emphasizing that certain products can lead to acute hair problems when repeatedly altering the natural style.
March 2026 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” This report details a case study where a 40-year-old woman experienced allergic contact dermatitis and angioedema-like symptoms after using PPD-containing hair dye. Patch testing confirmed a positive reaction to PPD, highlighting the substance's potential to cause both T-cell and IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
1 citations
,
July 2016 in “Cosmetics” This review highlights a case of cross sensitization to dyes from temporary henna tattoos and stresses the need for public awareness on the risks associated with these tattoos.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” This study introduced an eco-friendly enzymatic hair dyeing process utilizing laccase-catalyzed polymerization of hematoxylin, achieving intense, long-lasting color comparable to commercial dyes while enhancing hair strength and offering antioxidant and UV-shielding benefits.
63 citations
,
February 2017 in “ACS biomaterials science & engineering” In this study, polydopamine emerged as a safe and effective alternative to traditional hair dyes like PPD for dyeing gray hair permanently, showing resistance to detergents and causing less toxicity and hair loss in mice.
4 citations
,
December 2024 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” This study found that PPD-Lip@RES may effectively promote hair growth in models of telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia, suggesting its potential as a promising treatment strategy by addressing the underlying pathological and physiological processes of hair loss.
This study suggests that bio-nanovesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, may enhance skin and hair follicle regeneration by modulating key signaling pathways, potentially overcoming the limitations of conventional treatments for alopecia and chronic skin diseases.
31 citations
,
February 2019 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that ultraviolet radiation negatively affects hair follicle functions in human scalp skin, and caffeine application may provide some protective effects against this damage.
13 citations
,
September 2016 in “Cosmetics” This review discusses the components and effects of various hair cosmetic procedures and explores new techniques like camouflage methods and tattoo scalp, without reporting new clinical results.
6 citations
,
May 2025 in “Cosmetics” This review synthesizes research on solar radiation's multifaceted effects on skin and recent advancements in sunscreen technology, including formulation, testing methods, and the use of AI, to inform future sun protection product development.
5 citations
,
February 2022 in “Acta Biomaterialia” This review highlights the potential of nanotechnology-based formulations in hair care and treatment, emphasizing how these innovative materials can enhance the stability, efficacy, and safety of active compounds while addressing the limitations of conventional formulations.
This study developed a natural hair dye using Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. extract, finding that it produced yellow to dark brown colors depending on the treatment, with ferrous lactate enhancing dye performance and color stability after washing.
1 citations
,
February 2024 in “Preprints.org” This review discusses the pharmacology and potential therapeutic effects of rare ginsenoside compound K on metabolic disorders but presents no new clinical results, highlighting the need for further studies on its bioavailability and toxicity.
January 2020 in “JAAD case reports” This article reviews current understanding of frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris, highlighting increasing incidence and unclear pathogenesis, and emphasizes the role of inflammatory destruction of hair follicular stem cells; it reports no new clinical findings.
48 citations
,
July 2023 in “Biomedicines” This review discusses transdermal drug delivery using hydrogel-forming microneedles and highlights their potential for disease treatment, but notes challenges in their clinical application.
October 2024 in “Cosmetics” This review highlights the lack of research on Afro-textured hair, emphasizing the need for better understanding of its genetic traits and molecular structure to develop more effective hair care solutions.