February 2013 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Follicular red dots can appear where alopecia areata and vitiligo overlap.
March 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This case report illustrates that fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution may be misdiagnosed as androgenetic alopecia due to similar hair loss patterns, but distinctive trichoscopic and histopathologic features help differentiate it.
30 citations
,
October 1994 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” This article describes a case of multiple perifollicular fibromas and suggests that cases previously reported as such might actually be instances of Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome.
July 2026 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This study reported that both AGA and SD in Caucasian male patients showed overlapping histopathological features with FAPD, particularly perifollicular fibrosis and inflammation, complicating diagnosis.
December 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Immune system issues may contribute to female pattern hair loss.
March 2026 in “JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH” This case series reports three novel and atypical morphological patterns of alopecia areata, termed the central sparing, paw, and punctate patterns, highlighting their importance for dermatologists in improving diagnosis and management of the condition.
March 2012 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, white females with Ludwig I female pattern hair loss had higher hair density on the occipital scalp, while Asian females had thicker hair diameters in both frontal and occipital areas.
53 citations
,
September 2011 Other common signs, not just the well-known immune cells around hair bulbs, are important for diagnosing hair loss from alopecia areata.
May 2025 in “Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports” The study observed that patterned fibrosing alopecia, a type of scarring hair loss, appears in some patients after hair transplants, facelifts, and other surgical interventions, sharing features with lichen planopilaris and androgenetic alopecia.
8 citations
,
August 2014 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study found that chronic telogen effluvium is a distinct condition from female pattern hair loss, with different pathogenic mechanisms observed in histomorphometric analyses.
January 1997 in “The Showa University Journal of Medical Sciences” This study found that dihydrotestosterone significantly reduced the growth rate of perifollicular sheath cells but had no effect on nonfollicular fibroblasts or dermal papilla cells.
332 citations
,
June 1994 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that progressive frontal hairline recession in postmenopausal women may exhibit features similar to fibrosing alopecia, with histologic similarities to lichen planopilaris but lacking lesions of lichen planus.
January 2015 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” In this study, researchers found that nearly half of Korean women with female pattern hair loss showed temporal scalp involvement, with a decrease in temporal hair density compared to occipital areas.
January 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This case report describes a 59-year-old woman diagnosed with frontal fibrosing alopecia, presenting with scarring alopecia and perifollicular erythematous papules.
47 citations
,
September 2008 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that women with androgenetic alopecia experience diffuse hair loss due to a decrease in terminal hairs and an increase in vellus hairs per follicular unit.
December 2018 in “European Journal of Pediatric Dermatology/PD. European journal of pediatric dermatology” This article discusses the potential involvement of hair follicle melanocytes in follicular vitiligo, noting a pattern of depigmentation centered on follicles and supported by inflammatory infiltrates, without reporting new clinical results.
30 citations
,
May 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that apoptosis was more prevalent in hair follicles of women with female pattern hair loss, particularly in miniaturized follicles, and was associated with follicular inflammation.
June 2022 in “Jordan Journal of Applied Science - Natural Science Series” This review compiles the anatomical, histological, and physiological characteristics of various human body follicles, highlighting potential avenues for future research, but does not report new clinical results.
29 citations
,
February 1989 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” This case report identifies a new type of hair matrix tumor called "rippled pattern trichomatricoma," distinguished by its unique cell arrangement and differentiation features.
1 citations
,
March 2013 in “PubMed” This study suggests that biopsies can play a significant role in diagnosing and managing difficult cases of alopecia by identifying pattern mimics and overlaps, which are more common than previously realized.
2 citations
,
October 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, focal atrichia was associated with late-onset female pattern hair loss, providing a clinical clue to its diagnosis, particularly separating it from other hair disorders.
16 citations
,
October 2003 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study describes a 4-year-old boy who exhibits a rare, synchronized pattern of hair growth and shedding, unlike the typical asynchronous pattern seen in humans.
1 citations
,
March 2021 in “Frontiers in Medicine” In this study, female pattern hair loss in Chinese Han patients was characterized by decreased hair density and shaft diameter, with minor gender differences and the vertex most affected.
October 2022 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” This study suggests that hormonal disturbances play a role in female pattern hair loss and that trichoscopy may be a useful tool for diagnosis and differentiation from other conditions.
86 citations
,
July 2002 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This review discusses female pattern hair loss, emphasizing its complex causes and the limited treatment options available, and reports no new clinical results.
21 citations
,
April 2000 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” This case report describes a 22-year-old woman with a nevoid plaque termed localized follicular hamartoma, characterized by skin-colored papules and specific cellular and structural features.
August 2023 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” In this study, the Hamilton-Norwood subtype of female pattern hair loss was associated with early onset and polycystic ovary syndrome, while the Ludwig pattern was more common overall.
2 citations
,
May 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study examined 15 female patients with hypothyroidism to investigate the characterization of their alopecia and ruled out other causes, using medical histories, and clinical, trichoscopic, and histologic findings.
4 citations
,
January 2019 in “PubMed” This study found that women with female pattern hair loss had significant hormonal imbalances, specifically involving adrenal androgens, suggesting these may play a central role in the condition's development.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human hair follicles have their own thyroid hormone system.