204 citations,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
138 citations,
May 2000 in “Maturitas” Estrogen replacement can improve skin health in menopausal women but doesn't reverse sun damage or prevent hair loss.
173 citations,
May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.
68 citations,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
37 citations,
March 2010 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Oestrogen and thyrotropin-releasing hormone affect prolactin and its receptor in human skin and hair, suggesting new treatment options for related conditions.
20 citations,
July 2006 in “Veterinary dermatology” Melatonin helped some Pomeranian dogs regrow hair, but it wasn't linked to estrogen receptors.
11 citations,
January 2007 in “Veterinary dermatology” Fulvestrant at 10 mg/kg does not promote hair regrowth in dogs with alopecia X.
11 citations,
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.
9 citations,
March 2008 in “PubMed” Low estrogen compared to androgen may cause female hair loss.
4 citations,
December 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology” ESR2 gene linked to female-pattern hair loss.
3 citations,
January 2018 in “Reproduction, Fertility and Development” Birth control pills increase certain receptor activities in female gerbil prostate glands and can lead to prostate changes.
27 citations,
October 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” ESR2 gene variations may be linked to female pattern hair loss.
22 citations,
March 2000 in “Clinical endocrinology” Most patients experienced hirsutism again after stopping hormone treatment, indicating long-term treatment is needed to maintain results.
33 citations,
December 2017 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Sex and stress steroids quickly change brain cell structures in the hippocampus.
131 citations,
September 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The document concludes that blocking the internal pathways that create androgens might help treat cancers that depend on sex hormones.
48 citations,
April 2010 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Men are more likely to get infectious skin diseases, while women are more prone to autoimmune and pigment-related skin conditions, influenced by biological and environmental factors.
48 citations,
July 1996 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” Human enzymes can detoxify harmful substances but might also increase their cancer risk.
40 citations,
March 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Young women with diffuse hair loss may have low SHBG levels, which could lead to more active testosterone and contribute to their hair loss.
38 citations,
December 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Menopause-related hormonal changes affect hair but are not the only cause of hair changes in middle-aged women.
32 citations,
January 2007 in “KARGER eBooks” Severe insulin resistance can be managed with medication, lifestyle changes, and treatment for related conditions.
28 citations,
March 1942 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Male rats grow hair faster than females, and certain hormones can slow or slightly increase hair growth, but not significantly beyond natural rates.
24 citations,
March 2003 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgens, male hormones, play a role in both men and women's health, and testosterone therapy can help women with low levels, but it's not suitable for pregnant or lactating women, or those with certain conditions.
17 citations,
December 2004 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” Scientists found new, better-working inhibitors for a hormone-related enzyme.
15 citations,
April 2022 in “Immunology” Men and women get COVID-19 at similar rates, but men tend to get sicker and have a higher risk of dying, while women usually have stronger immune responses and vaccine reactions.
9 citations,
July 2021 in “Essays in Biochemistry” Sex hormones may influence COVID-19 severity, with males at higher risk, and certain hormone therapies could potentially treat the virus.
8 citations,
December 2022 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Sex hormones' effects on COVID-19 are unclear and more research is needed to understand their potential as treatment.
8 citations,
March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
6 citations,
September 1998 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone replacement may help postmenopausal women with sexual function and bone density, but suitable treatments are limited.
5 citations,
May 2012 in “Andrologia” Finasteride use may be linked to rare testicular tumor, but more research needed.
3 citations,
June 2017 in “Reproductive biomedicine online” A certain mutation in the fetal alpha 5-reductase gene is linked to a higher risk of late miscarriage.