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The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.

Hair follicles significantly increase the speed and amount of caffeine absorbed through the skin.

Hair stem cell regeneration is controlled by signals that can explain different hair growth patterns and baldness.

Stem cell niches support, regulate, and coordinate stem cell functions.

Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

Different types of stem cells in hair follicles play unique roles in wound healing and hair growth, with some stem cells not originating from existing hair follicles but from non-hair follicle cells. WNT signaling and the Lhx2 factor are key in creating new hair follicles.

The WNT signaling pathway is important in many diseases and targeting it could offer new treatments.

Male hormones affect COVID-19 severity and certain drugs targeting these hormones could help reduce the risk.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Stem cell therapy, particularly using certain types of cells, shows promise for treating hair loss by stimulating hair growth and development, but more extensive trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.

MicroRNA-302 helps improve the conversion of body cells into stem cells by blocking NR2F2.

The document concludes that while significant progress has been made in understanding skin biology and stem cells, more research is needed to fully understand their interactions with their environment.

The hydrogel with a 1:3 ratio of hydroxyethyl cellulose to hyaluronic acid is effective for delivering drugs through the skin to treat acne.

A genetic region near the PAX1 gene is linked to a higher risk of scoliosis in females.

Laminin-511 is crucial for early hair growth and maintaining important hair development signals.

Scientists created stem cells that can grow hair and skin.

Hormones significantly affect hair and oil gland function in the skin, and more research is needed on skin-related hormone disorders.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway helps tissue regeneration but can also cause fibrosis, and drugs that inhibit this pathway may aid in healing skin and heart tissues.

Sensitive skin is often caused by nerve fibers and environmental factors, and can be managed with mild skincare and professional advice.

Finasteride helps regrow hair and shrink prostate by reducing DHT, with some sexual side effects.

Turing patterns are now recognized as important in developmental biology.

Using nanostructured lipid carriers to deliver spironolactone could improve treatment for hair loss.

Researchers found a specific immune receptor in patients that causes severe skin reactions to a drug.

The skin protects the body and is constantly renewed by stem cells; disruptions can lead to cancer.