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Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.

Myo-inositol helps improve skin conditions and metabolic profiles in young women with PCOS.

The article explains the genetic causes and symptoms of various hair disorders and highlights the need for more research to find treatments.

Defective mitochondrial DNA replication causes aging symptoms and increased oxidative damage in mice.

Finasteride treatment in male rats causes long-lasting effects on depression-like behavior, brain cell growth, inflammation, and gut bacteria composition.

Post-finasteride syndrome causes lasting sexual, neurological, and physical side effects in some people after taking finasteride.

Both metformin and pioglitazone improve PCOS symptoms, but pioglitazone is a good alternative for those who can't take metformin.

Mutations in NIPAL4 cause skin issues by disrupting lipid layers, but some improvement is seen with topical treatment.

Minoxidil lowers blood pressure and causes hair growth, with some side effects.

Higher BMI and lower testosterone are linked to more aggressive prostate cancer.

Hair loss has many causes and treatments, and losing some hair daily is normal; proper diagnosis is key, and minoxidil can help treat it.

A new mutation in the AGPAT2 gene causes severe fat tissue loss and related health issues by reducing the protein's levels.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, a disorder causing menstrual issues and infertility, can be treated with lifestyle changes, medication, herbal remedies, surgery, and assisted reproductive techniques like artificial insemination and IVF.

Secondary amenorrhea has many causes and requires thorough evaluation to treat and restore menstrual cycles.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Acute telogen effluvium can be resolved by addressing causes, but chronic telogen effluvium is harder to treat.

Removing Sprouty genes in mice causes various hormone-related issues but does not increase cancer risk by one year of age.

Bariatric surgery improves health but often causes hair loss and vitamin deficiency.

Chemotherapy in children often causes hair loss, nausea, vomiting, and mood swings.

Darier-White disease causes skin and nail issues, starts around age 20, worsens until 40-50, and has poor treatment options.

Some lesser-known causes of PCOS include autoimmune issues, genetic mutations, and changes in the body's microbiome.

Uncombable hair syndrome causes frizzy hair and can affect the nervous system, eyes, and ears, often co-occurring with other hair, skin, nail, and teeth conditions, and is linked to three specific gene mutations.

Overexpression of a specific receptor in mice skin causes skin thinning, early skin barrier formation, eye issues, and hair loss.

Certain vitamins in wrong amounts, alcohol abuse, metals, and other toxins can cause serious brain and nerve damage.

Atopic dermatitis may have genetic causes and can be treated with pharmacologic methods, glycerin creams, and controlling Staphylococcus aureus colonization.

Rosacea is a skin condition with unclear causes, classified into four subtypes.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.

K16 can partially replace K14 but causes hair loss and skin issues.

A 3-month stay in space causes skin thinning, disrupts hair growth, and changes muscle-related genes in mice.