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This paper reviews the emerging potential of menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine, highlighting their promise for treating several diseases without providing new clinical results.

This case report describes an 11-month-old boy with Menkes disease, highlighting symptoms such as developmental delays and poor therapeutic response due to significant brain and vascular abnormalities.

This study explored the clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenic status in adolescents with irregular menses to identify significant indicators of potential metabolic problems linked to PCOS.

This correspondence highlights a study on early pubertal development in young girls, noting that early pubic hair and breast development in African-American girls is likely due to increased androgen production, not estrogen or exogenous causes.

Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.

Most hair loss in children is caused by a few common conditions, and it's important to diagnose these properly and support the child's mental health.

In this randomized trial, metformin and pioglitazone both improved certain clinical and metabolic indices in women with PCOS, with pioglitazone showing potential as an alternate treatment for those intolerant to metformin.

This study reported that ketoconazole may effectively normalize menstruation and reduce testosterone and hair growth in women with ovarian hyperandrogenism, though its safety needs further evaluation.

This article reviews major types of genetic hair shaft defects and associated syndromes, emphasizing understanding histologic features and diagnostic methods, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review proposes a classification system for childhood hair loss based on clinical appearance, age of onset, and associated symptoms, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses recent advances in the genetic understanding of inherited hair and nail disorders and reports no new clinical results.

This article reviews inherited mineral and trace element disturbances and reports no clinical results; it highlights conditions like hypomagnesaemia and acrodermatitis enteropathica linked to impaired nutrient absorption.

This study found that copper injections increased dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity in the brains of mottled mice, an animal model for Menkes' syndrome.

This review discusses pili torti, a rare hair shaft disorder, and reports no new clinical results; it emphasizes the need to investigate underlying conditions in affected individuals.

This retrospective review of hair samples from pediatric patients indicated that microscopic hair examination might be a useful first-line investigation for diagnosing various genetic conditions.

This review discusses various metabolic and vitamin disorders affecting hair structure, including Menkes' syndrome, arginosuccinicaciduria, and recent findings on vitamin-related alopecia, but reports no new clinical results.

This article presents a comprehensive overview of hair microscopy techniques and their diagnostic potential for systemic and cutaneous disorders, emphasizing its usefulness in resource-limited settings and highlighting the underutilization of this non-invasive method due to lack of awareness.

This case report identified a 4-month-old boy with Menkes disease, a neurodegenerative disorder of copper metabolism, noting symptoms like recurrent seizures, developmental delay, and specific physical characteristics, confirmed by genetic sequencing showing a pathogenic ATP7A mutation and low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels.

This study found that VEGF-deficient keratinocytes can form tumors using different aneuploidy and signaling patterns, highlighting VEGF's role beyond angiogenesis in tumor cell growth and survival.

The research examined Crown-X, a novel formulation containing Menstrual Stem Cells, and found that it promoted significant proliferation of human dermal papilla cells, suggesting its potential as a non-invasive treatment for male pattern baldness. Future clinical trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy.

This case report concluded that undiagnosed Menkes disease, an X-linked disorder causing copper deficiency, contributed to a 7-month-old's illness and death, complicating his presentation with viral septic shock and methamphetamine exposure.

This study reported that hair microscopy can help diagnose rare pediatric neurological diseases, as specific hair characteristics were linked to conditions like giant axonal neuropathy, Griscelli syndrome, and Menkes disease.

This review discusses potential causes of alopecia and hair overgrowth in pediatric patients, detailing diagnostic techniques and treatments, but presents no new research findings.

This chapter reviews the clinical and morphological diagnostic features of various hair dysplasias, including atypical pili torti, pseudomonilethrix, and trichothiodystrophy, and reports no new results.

Trichorrhexis nodosa causes hair to break easily, often affecting young to middle-aged black women.

This study found that abnormal liver and kidney copper metabolism in Br females had no clinical effects, whereas defective brain copper metabolism in Br males was clinically significant.

In this study, hirsutism was found to have the most significant negative impact on health-related quality of life among Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

This study found that women with acne resistant to conventional treatments had significantly higher levels of testosterone, DHEA‑S, prolactin, and LH, suggesting potential underlying hormonal disorders.

This review discusses the diagnostic challenges of PCOS in adolescents, noting that the persistence of hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea is required for diagnosis, while genetic studies suggest involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

This case report suggests that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may improve symptoms of non-classic adrenal hyperplasia related to 11-hydroxylase deficiency by reducing insulin resistance.