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Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin.

Skin fat cells help with skin balance, hair growth, and healing wounds.

Stem cells help heal skin wounds by moving and changing roles, working with other cells, and needing more research on their activation and behavior.

The Multi-Organ-Chip improves the growth and quality of skin and hair in the lab, potentially replacing animal testing.

Calcium affects where root hairs grow, but other unknown factors determine their growth direction.

Chitosan nanofiber scaffolds improve skin healing and are promising for wound treatment.

Blood vessels and specific genes help turn cartilage into bone when bones heal.

Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.

Eczema and fungal infections are the most common skin problems in Japan, with different age groups and genders affected by various conditions.

Periodontal ligament stem cells show promise for regrowing tissues but require more research for safe, effective use.

Adam10 enzyme is crucial for healthy skin and proper Notch signaling.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

TRP channels in the skin are important for sensation and health, and targeting them could help treat skin disorders.

The document concludes that while significant progress has been made in understanding skin biology and stem cells, more research is needed to fully understand their interactions with their environment.

MIM is crucial for hair follicle formation and regeneration by controlling cilia formation and hedgehog signaling through its interaction with Cortactin and Src.

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation causes dark skin patches and needs personalized treatment.

Minoxidil and finasteride can slow hair loss and stimulate regrowth, but won't restore all lost hair or reverse complete baldness.

The document concludes that hair is complex, with a detailed growth cycle, structure, and clinical importance, affecting various scientific and medical fields.

Medications have become the main treatment for enlarged prostate symptoms, replacing surgery and watchful waiting.

Hormones and metabolism play a complex role in prostate enlargement, and more research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Traction alopecia is more common in African women than girls, especially when traction is applied to chemically relaxed hair; avoiding such hairstyles may reduce the risk.

Spironolactone most effective for hirsutism, but has side effects.

New nanocomposites with copper show promise for healing burn wounds and regenerating skin.

Metformin improves hair growth and menstrual frequency in women with PCOS and hirsutism.

Activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could lead to new hair loss treatments.

Skin has specialized touch receptors that can tell different sensations apart.

Platelet-rich plasma may help in skin and hair treatments, and with muscle and joint healing, but more research is needed to fully understand its benefits and limitations.

YAP and TAZ proteins are necessary for the development of two types of skin cancer.

The dermal regeneration template is effective in skin regeneration, reducing scarring, and has potential for future improvements.

Fetal skin cells from a cell bank heal wounds faster and with less scarring than adult cells.