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Some patients fail bladder function tests due to lower flow rates and higher remaining urine volumes, but the exact reasons for failure are unclear.

Many children and teens referred to gender services receive hormone treatments, but more research is needed on their long-term care and outcomes.

Collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data in dermatology can lead to better, more sensitive care for sexual and gender minority patients.

Weight loss surgery improved several skin conditions in obese patients but often caused hair loss.

The document concludes that careful planning and execution of facial gender affirmation surgery after at least 12 months of hormonal therapy can improve the quality of life for transgender individuals.

Certain cells in the adult mouse ear come from cranial neural crest cells, but muscle and hair cells do not.

Trichoepitheliomas can be hard to distinguish from other skin conditions and often start in teenage years.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors may help protect the brain and gut in Parkinson's disease.

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) greatly lowers quality of life, causing stress and low self-esteem, with those seeking treatment experiencing more impairment.

Local flaps are effective for covering small to large scalp and forehead defects with good cosmetic results.

Most skin cysts were common types found in unusual body parts, and examining tissue samples is important for accurate diagnosis.

Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia in families shows similar signs to individual cases and may have a genetic link.

Some aggressive scalp cancers are hard to treat and can be deadly, even when removed with specialized surgery.

The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.

JAK-inhibitors for alopecia areata are generally safe with mostly mild side effects and a low rate of treatment withdrawal.

HNG may help prevent the negative effects of chemotherapy on sperm production and white blood cell counts.

308 nm excimer light therapy may help hair regrowth in alopecia areata with delayed results and no serious side effects.

Alopecia areata treatment varies, with no optimal method established yet.

In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.

Tofacitinib effectively reduced hair loss in alopecia areata patients without adverse effects.

The document suggests that blocking sweat glands with antiperspirants might allow skin-generated hormones to be absorbed, possibly increasing breast and prostate cancer risk.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

A gene variant increases the risk of a type of hair loss by affecting hair protein production.

Dental erosion is common in adolescents and is linked to diet and higher socioeconomic status.

Six types of bugs were found on goats in Bulgaria, with Linognathus stenopsis being the most common.

A patient with a rare form of lupus improved after treatment for skin ulcers and hair loss on the face and scalp.

Most skin tumors in the study were benign, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common malignant type.

Cyproterone acetate may cause liver cancer at high doses, but is considered safe at recommended doses for approved uses.

The review highlights the need for more research on transgender dermatology, the role of dermatologists in gender affirmation, and the effects of hormone therapy on skin and hair.