December 2025 in “Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)” Pharmacists play a crucial role in improving patient outcomes through personalized care and staying updated with scientific advancements.
October 2025 in “Dermatology Practical & Conceptual” This study found that ChatGPT 4.0 and Gemini 1.5 Flash provided more accurate and user-friendly responses to androgenetic alopecia questions than Deepseek R1, suggesting they could be effective tools for patient education with physician guidance.
October 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study established consensus guidelines for diagnosing and managing androgenetic alopecia in Egypt, emphasizing individualized care and emerging therapies based on a survey of Egyptian dermatologists and refinement through expert review.
May 2025 in “ID on line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA” This study evaluated the effects of pumpkin seed oil and rosemary essential oil combined with electrotherapy on androgenetic alopecia in stressed young women, finding no statistically significant differences between treatment groups and suggesting further research is needed to assess the oils' efficacy.
May 2025 in “International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology” This article reviewed literature from 2013-2023 and found that while varied treatment options for PCOS exist, managing the condition holistically, including lifestyle changes and gastric bypass surgery, can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life without worsening side effects.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology Research” This prospective observational study investigated 200 patients with non-scarring alopecia, concluding that accurate classification combined with individualized treatment, including combination therapies, significantly improved outcomes over monotherapy with topical minoxidil.
January 2025 in “Advances in Dermatology and Allergology” In this prospective study of 135 women with hirsutism, researchers reported that treatment approaches varied, with oral contraceptives, dexamethasone, and metformin widely used, and emphasized a holistic approach including lifestyle changes and mental health support to effectively manage the condition.
December 2024 in “Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)” This study consisted of a pharmacy master's thesis detailing practical experiences during a hospital and community pharmacy internship and scientific investigations into the off-label use of dutasteride for androgenetic alopecia and oral vaccines for urinary tract infection prophylaxis, emphasizing therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action.
April 2024 in “International journal of women's health” This review explores adult female acne, focusing on its multifactorial causes, treatment options, and impact on quality of life, but reports no new clinical results.
March 2024 in “International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and drug research” In this review, the authors explored current and novel treatment options for androgenetic alopecia, noting both FDA-approved pharmacologic treatments like Minoxidil and Finasteride and various non-pharmacologic and surgical methods, including hair transplantation and scalp micro-pigmentation.
October 2023 in “Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)” In this study, a pharmacy internship report describes a six-month community pharmacy internship, detailing activities to promote sleep quality, sun protection, hypertension screening, and detecting medication errors, as well as in-depth discussions on smoking cessation and alopecia treatments.
June 2023 in “Journal of multidisciplinary sciences (Online)” This review examines possible links between polycystic ovarian syndrome and reproductive cancers, but reports no new clinical findings.
June 2023 in “Journal of multidisciplinary sciences” This review examines the potential link between polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive cancers, highlighting possible underlying causes as well as the ongoing debate over the cancer risk in these patients.
February 2023 in “Global Journal of Reproductive Medicine” The authors discuss BPH treatment options and highlight that while medications can manage symptoms, recent minimally invasive procedures may offer promise for elderly males who are not surgical candidates or wish to avoid surgery.
September 2022 in “Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)” 3D-oxy exosomes may significantly boost hair growth, offering new treatment options for hair loss.
January 2022 in “Dermatology Review” This study found that patients with chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus had elevated serum levels of interleukin 31, suggesting a possible role of this cytokine in the condition.
November 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” This source outlines various antiandrogen and androgen inhibitor drugs used to treat cutaneous disorders of hyperandrogenism, detailing their mechanisms, uses, dosages, and side effects, with emphasis on spironolactone, finasteride, dutasteride, and oral contraceptives.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” The document says that early treatment of Acne Vulgaris is important to prevent scarring and that adult onset acne is common in women, often due to hormonal imbalances.
March 2017 in “InTech eBooks” This source provides a comprehensive review of acne vulgaris, highlighting its pathophysiology, epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and treatment options, emphasizing the significance of addressing acne's psychosocial burden for adolescents and beyond.
January 2017 in “Clinical approaches and procedures in cosmetic dermatology” This chapter reviews differences in dermatological treatments and conditions between male and female patients, particularly noting the impacts of sex steroids on various skin processes, but presents no new clinical findings.
August 2014 in “Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)” This study found that obesity in women may impair endometrial stromal function and contribute to reproductive complications, possibly due to metabolic influences rather than immune cell differences.
April 2014 in “Journal of Aesthetic Nursing” This article provides descriptive results indicating high client satisfaction and good tolerance associated with mesotherapy in treating hair loss, based on the author's personal experience with clients.
April 2008 in “Obstetrics, gynaecology and reproductive medicine” This article reviews the diagnosis and management of hirsutism in women, discussing its causes, assessment, and treatment options; no new clinical findings are included.
947 citations
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February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” In this study, polycystic ovary syndrome was the most prevalent cause of androgen excess, and suppressive hormonal therapy improved hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction, and acne in most patients, though side effects were common.
883 citations
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August 2016 in “Nature Reviews Disease Primers” This review discusses the current understanding of polycystic ovary syndrome, focusing on its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and future research directions, but reports no new clinical results.
855 citations
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June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
658 citations
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June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” This review discusses the role of androgens in the progression of cardiovascular disease and explores novel therapeutic targets without reporting new clinical results.
282 citations
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October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This review discusses guidelines for androgen use in women and concludes that more research is needed before recommending testosterone due to insufficient evidence on safety and efficacy.
251 citations
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October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
183 citations
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January 2018 in “Cosmetics” This review discusses side effects and allergy contact dermatitis caused by essential oils in cosmetic products and reports no new clinical results.