Cancer Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: Common Treatments and Future Perspectives

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of childbearing age, characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and multiple cystic ovaries. PCOS is associated with symptoms such as pattern hair loss, acne, obesity, infertility, and hirsutism, often stemming from an unhealthy lifestyle, genetic factors, androgen exposure, and neuroendocrine influences. These factors lead to hormonal imbalances, hyperandrogenism, high insulin levels, and inflammation. This review explores the debated link between PCOS and increased cancer risk, particularly reproductive cancers, and investigates the underlying causes of cancer in PCOS patients.