270 citations
,
April 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that PCOS patients had higher amounts of central abdominal fat compared to weight-matched controls, which was associated with increased insulin resistance.
222 citations
,
January 2014 in “International journal of reproductive medicine” This paper reviews the complex pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome, exploring how hormonal and metabolic disturbances contribute to its symptoms and related health risks, but it presents no new findings.
202 citations
,
January 1989 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” This study indicates that insulin changes sex hormone levels in insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting gonadotropin release, challenging the idea that hyperinsulinemia directly causes hyperandrogenism in PCO.
200 citations
,
August 2009 in “Experimental dermatology” This article reviews the role of IGF-1 in acne pathogenesis and discusses how diet and smoking may influence insulin/IGF-1 signaling, but reports no new clinical results.
195 citations
,
November 2019 in “Clinica Chimica Acta” This review discusses the interplay of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, and their role in polycystic ovary syndrome, but presents no new clinical results.
173 citations
,
July 1995 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” This study suggests that IGF-I may mediate androgen-induced hair growth in outer root sheath cells cocultured with beard dermal papilla cells.
147 citations
,
April 1997 in “Oncogene” This study found that transgenic mice expressing IGF-1 in their skin showed significant skin changes, early hair follicle generation, and a higher propensity to develop tumors after chemical promotion, suggesting IGF-1's role in skin carcinogenesis.
135 citations
,
March 1984 in “Fertility and sterility” In this study, insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome was highly correlated with unbound testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin, rather than luteinizing hormone or peripheral androgen metabolism.
121 citations
,
April 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Insulin sensitizers may slightly reduce hirsutism but are less effective than other treatments.
115 citations
,
September 2000 in “The Lancet” Early hair loss may indicate risk of insulin resistance.
104 citations
,
June 2020 in “Journal of Endocrinology” This study suggests that in rats, maternal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance lead to activation of ferroptosis in the gravid uterus and placenta, mediated by different molecular and cellular mechanisms.
100 citations
,
June 2002 in “Diabetologia” This study found that parents of women with PCOS have a higher prevalence of insulin resistance and Type II diabetes than parents of healthy women.
98 citations
,
November 1999 in “Dermatology Online Journal” This review discusses the effects of IGF-1 on hair follicle cell proliferation and differentiation, highlighting its roles in paracrine signaling, apoptosis prevention, and hair growth, but reports no new clinical results.
93 citations
,
January 2016 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that patients with acne vulgaris had higher serum IGF-1 levels and more intense FoxO1 and mTOR expression than controls, suggesting their role in acne pathogenesis.
93 citations
,
September 2014 in “Diabetes” This study found that male 5αR1 knockout mice and obese Zucker rats treated with finasteride showed increased insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, potentially implicating 5α-reductase activity in metabolic liver disease development.
91 citations
,
November 2007 in “European journal of endocrinology” This study found that metformin improved insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and acne in PCOS patients, regardless of their level of obesity or initial insulin resistance.
75 citations
,
November 2009 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This study found that both myo-inositol and metformin helped restore normal menstrual cycles in patients with PCOS, but myo-inositol appeared to be more effective in inducing pregnancy.
71 citations
,
January 2015 in “The Scientific World Journal” This review discusses the link between insulin resistance and skin conditions such as acanthosis nigricans and psoriasis, but provides no new clinical results.
62 citations
,
December 2015 in “Clinical Medicine” This review discusses the relationship between obesity and PCOS, highlighting the potential of weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity to alleviate associated symptoms, and suggests the exploration of new therapies targeting weight management.
61 citations
,
June 2016 in “Clinical Medicine” This review discusses the relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovary syndrome and highlights the potential benefits of weight loss for managing PCOS symptoms, but reports no new clinical results.
60 citations
,
May 2014 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that caffeine enhanced hair growth and keratinocyte proliferation in human hair follicles, with female follicles showing greater sensitivity than male ones.
60 citations
,
September 2001 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses the relationship between insulin regulation and hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome, suggesting potential benefits of insulin-lowering treatments for ovarian function but reporting no definitive results for hair-related symptoms.
55 citations
,
June 2006 in “Central European Journal of Public Health” This study observed that Finnish men aged 63 with androgenetic alopecia had higher rates of hypertension and diabetes compared to those with normal hair status.
53 citations
,
January 2011 in “Diabetes” The study found that severe insulin resistance and premature diabetes are common in patients with PCNT genetic defects, primarily affecting those over four years old, while not impacting early insulin signaling in adipocytes.
50 citations
,
December 2008 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This study found that young males with stage III or higher androgenetic alopecia had higher insulin resistance and cardiovascular-related features, suggesting the need for metabolic assessment in this population.
49 citations
,
May 2020 in “Frontiers in Public Health” Insulin resistance linked to obesity may increase COVID-19 severity.
49 citations
,
August 2003 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Higher IGF-1 levels in hair follicles link to better finasteride results for hair loss.
49 citations
,
June 2003 in “European journal of cardiovascular prevention & rehabilitation” In this study, female androgenic alopecia (grade II or III on Ludwig's scale) was found to be common among Finnish women aged 63, and several markers of insulin resistance, along with paternal history of alopecia, were associated with an increased risk.
48 citations
,
January 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” In this study, researchers found no significant association between the D19S884 marker near the insulin receptor gene and polycystic ovary syndrome in women from Spain and Italy.
46 citations
,
June 2015 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study found that, among women with polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression, even after accounting for factors like BMI.