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The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.

The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.

Use minoxidil for hair loss; finasteride and dutasteride for men, dutasteride for women.

Oral retinoids are effective for various skin conditions but have side effects and should not be used during pregnancy.

A very low-calorie ketogenic diet is effective for quick weight loss and improving health in obese patients, with careful management of side effects and maintenance.

Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.

The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.

Drug repurposing is a cost-effective way to find new uses for existing drugs, speeding up treatment development.

Minoxidil affects collagen-related genes, potentially helping treat fibrosis.

Using finasteride with TIP extends time off period for prostate cancer patients.

Topical tofacitinib may grow hair better than minoxidil by increasing VEGF and reducing inflammation.

Oriental herbal medicine with moxibustion may improve pregnancy rates and other symptoms in PCOS, but more high-quality research is needed.

Certain genetic markers linked to reproductive potential were identified by their impact on a protein's ability to bind to genes.

Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.

Minoxidil with tretinoin boosts hair growth most effectively, followed by minoxidil alone, and then ketoconazole.

HSP90 and lamin A/C are crucial for hair growth and could be targets for treating hair loss.

ECM-inspired wound dressings can help heal chronic wounds by controlling macrophage activity.

Finasteride affects SRD5A2 gene pattern, possibly causing lasting side effects.

Oregano extract helps fix testis and sperm damage caused by finasteride.

Flutamide-induced hypospadias in rats slows down early wound healing.

Early treatment of acne is crucial to prevent scarring and psychological effects.

Forensic medicine is crucial for justice and needs continuous innovation and technology integration.

Metreleptin treatment significantly improved metabolic health in a boy with congenital generalized lipodystrophy.

Lasers are FDA-approved for permanent hair reduction, not removal, and more research is needed to improve treatments.

A 27-year-old with APS-1 showed improvement in symptoms after treatment.

PCOS can cause unusual symptoms like late puberty and enlarged clitoris, making diagnosis difficult.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

Transplant success has improved with better immunosuppressive drugs and donor matching.

Sonic hedgehog signaling is crucial for hair growth and maintaining hair follicle identity.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.