Laser for Hair Removal: A Review of Technologies and Efficacy

The 2018 document reviews laser hair removal technologies, emphasizing the principle of selective photothermolysis to target melanin in hair follicles while minimizing skin damage. It outlines the need to tailor treatments to individual characteristics and the importance of adjusting laser parameters. The document reports that laser hair removal was the third most common nonsurgical procedure in the U.S. as of 2016, and the ideal candidate has fair skin and dark hair. It compares various laser types, including the ruby, alexandrite, diode, and Nd:YAG lasers, as well as IPL systems, noting their efficacy, safety, and suitability for different skin types. Studies cited include favorable results with the ruby laser and a 78% clearance with the alexandrite laser, while the diode laser is popular for darker skin types. A randomized controlled trial showed IPL and diode lasers achieved similar efficacies, with IPL preferred for lower pain scores and fewer side effects. Home-use devices also showed significant hair count reduction. The document concludes that while the FDA has approved lasers for permanent hair reduction, not removal, more standardized, long-term studies are needed to optimize treatment parameters. It notes a trend towards longer wavelength systems for deeper penetration and better results for various skin types.