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COVID-19 might affect male fertility, but more research is needed to understand the full impact.

Substance P may worsen acne by increasing inflammation, but corticosteroids might help by reducing this effect.

New understanding of the causes of primary cicatricial alopecia has led to better diagnosis and potential new treatments.

Organotypic culture systems can grow skin tissues that mimic real skin functions and are useful for skin disease and hair growth research, but they don't fully replicate skin complexity.

Apremilast was not effective in treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.

A special hydrogel helps heal skin without scars and regrows hair.

Prolactin may be important for skin growth and immune function.

Mesenchymal stem cells help improve wound healing by reducing inflammation and promoting skin cell growth and movement.

Certain diets can affect skin conditions, but more research is needed to understand these relationships fully.

Bee venom might be a good alternative treatment for various skin conditions because it has many healing properties.

Tofacitinib temporarily regrew hair in a man with alopecia, but its effects didn't last.

Scalp cooling can help prevent chemotherapy-induced hair loss with a 50-90% success rate and is safe for patients.

Oral JAK inhibitors are effective and safe for treating alopecia areata but may need ongoing use to keep results.

Adult skin quickly reacts to short-term environmental and internal stress, leading to various skin issues and the need for protective measures.

Some treatments like intralesional steroids and 5α-reductase inhibitors are effective for frontal fibrosing alopecia, but more research is needed.

Tofacitinib citrate is effective for moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis but has safety concerns at higher doses.

The article concludes that proper injection techniques and patient education can prevent serious skin reactions from multiple sclerosis medications.

Alopecia Areata is a complex, unpredictable autoimmune hair loss condition with limited treatment options and a significant psychological impact.

Activating Notch in adult skin causes T cells and neural crest cells to gather, leading to skin issues.

Some treatments work for common baldness, but there's less evidence for other hair loss types, and more research is needed.

Stress and emotional factors can worsen skin conditions by affecting the immune system.

Minoxidil affects cell growth in two ways: low doses increase growth, while high doses slow it down and can be toxic.

COVID-19 infection may trigger alopecia areata in some patients.

Thymic transplantation normalized some T-cells but not others, maintaining immune function.

Anthralin is effective for psoriasis and alopecia with minimal systemic side effects but can irritate the skin.

The article concludes that developing in vitro models for human hair structures is important for research and reducing animal testing, but there are challenges like obtaining suitable samples and the models' limitations.

New treatments targeting immune pathways show promise for severe hair loss but need more research for safety and effectiveness.

Gonadal hormones significantly affect the severity of alopecia areata in mice.

Trichoscopy is useful for diagnosing and monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus, with certain hair and scalp changes indicating more active disease.

Teriflunomide is effective and generally safe for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.