138 citations
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May 2000 in “Maturitas” This review discusses the effects of estrogen on skin and reports no new clinical results; it highlights estrogen's potential benefits on skin thickness, collagen quality, and hair follicle life cycle.
74 citations
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January 2011 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” This study suggests testosterone gel administered for one year to male chronic pain patients receiving morphine may improve sexual function and mental health, despite limited effects on overall pain scores.
27 citations
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March 2006 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This review examines the effects of menopause on skin aging and suggests hormone replacement therapy may improve some symptoms, without providing new clinical findings.
6 citations
,
September 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” This review discusses the role of androgens in women's sexual health and highlights the need for further research on androgen replacement therapy to optimize quality of life, but reports no new clinical results.
4 citations
,
August 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that while hormone replacement therapy can improve skin aging in menopausal women, inconsistent findings and a lack of robust clinical trials mean it isn't recommended purely for skin benefits.
2 citations
,
January 2019 Hormonal contraceptives and therapies regulate organ functions and treat various conditions.
1 citations
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February 2009 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study reports an improvement in lymphomatoid papulosis type A in a 52-year-old patient who concurrently used hormone-replacement therapy.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study found that transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy may experience skin changes such as acne and androgenic hair loss, which can be managed with a collaborative approach involving both dermatologists and endocrinologists.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This research review observed that topical hormone replacement therapy, particularly estradiol and estradiol-testosterone combinations, significantly increased Type I and III collagen synthesis in the skin of postmenopausal women, suggesting benefits against collagen loss-related skin aging effects such as reduced elasticity and increased dryness.
March 2025 in “Dermatology Online Journal” This commentary highlights that transgender patients are often dissatisfied with standard hormone replacement therapy for hair-related goals, emphasizing the need for dermatologists to provide informed guidance and tailor treatments.
April 2023 in “American Journal of Transplantation” This study found that hormone replacement therapy was associated with reduced COVID-19 mortality and adverse outcomes in nonimmunosuppressed postmenopausal women and immunocompromised male solid organ transplant recipients.
January 2011 in “Zhongguo shiyong fuke yu chanke zazhi” This study concludes that hormone therapy can significantly improve skin hydration, elasticity, thickness, and reduce wrinkles by modulating various skin cells through estrogen receptors.
19 citations
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March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” This study found that treatment with a GnRH agonist and estrogen and progestin replacement significantly improved hirsutism scores and hair growth rates in women with polycystic ovarian disease.
14 citations
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February 2015 in “Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association” This study reports that transdermal exposure to owners' topical hormone replacement therapy caused alopecia in six dogs, but the condition resolved after the therapy was discontinued.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case report highlights the adverse effects of unmonitored bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, emphasizing the need for patient education about its safety and efficacy compared to FDA-regulated hormones.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study indicates that transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy may encounter skin issues like acne and hair thinning, which can be addressed with a collaborative approach involving both dermatologists and endocrinologists.
16 citations
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October 1996 in “PubMed” This study concluded that hormonal replacement therapy can improve skin ageing symptoms by increasing skin thickness and alleviating dryness and hyposeborrhoea in postmenopausal women.
May 2026 in “Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council” This review outlines the benefits of menopausal hormone therapy for improving skin properties in peri- and postmenopausal women, emphasizing that interdisciplinary management enhances quality of life but noting the aesthetic improvements are secondary outcomes.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this case report, a transgender woman with refractory epilepsy began estrogen therapy for gender-affirming purposes, experiencing stable epilepsy and reduced gender dysphoria through ongoing multidisciplinary care, highlighting the importance of careful management for similar patients.
November 2023 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” In this study, female patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy showed improvements in frontal hairline appearance and increased hair plucking strength, suggesting positive effects of estradiol on hair growth while excluding age-related factors.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article discusses the incidence of androgenetic alopecia in transgender and gender diverse patients undergoing gender affirming hormone therapy but presents no new clinical findings, highlighting a gap in large-scale studies.
This narrative review highlights the critical role of intracrine hormone production in peripheral tissues, suggesting that continuous-release subcutaneous testosterone pellet therapy may offer a more effective symptom-driven approach for aging populations, though large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed for confirmation.
1 citations
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August 2024 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” In this case report, researchers observed that a female patient with severe hidradenitis suppurativa experienced complete resolution of her lesions after starting intramuscular exogenous testosterone as part of gender transition, suggesting its potential role in disease remission when other treatments were ineffective.
23 citations
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August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” This review examines the benefits and potential risks of androgen replacement therapy for male hypogonadism but reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight the need for careful risk assessment, especially in older men.
403 citations
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November 2005 in “Journal of Endocrinology” This review discusses the role of DHEA in intracrinology, highlighting its impact on breast and prostate cancer treatment and potential as a menopause therapy, but reports no new research findings.
51 citations
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April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” This review examines androgen replacement therapy in women for treating androgen deficiency symptoms and reports no new clinical results, while noting potential safety within a specific dose range.
33 citations
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January 2009 in “Contraception” This review summarizes the use of chlormadinone acetate for hormone replacement therapy and contraception, highlighting its anti-androgenic effects, contraceptive efficacy, and clinical tolerability, without offering new clinical results.
28 citations
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October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” This review examines age-related changes in androgen levels in women and explores the rationale for testosterone replacement therapy, but it reports no new clinical findings.
26 citations
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August 2021 in “Medicine” This study found that low levels of SHBG and testosterone were associated with higher mortality in men with severe COVID-19.
2 citations
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March 2025 in “Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science” This literature review highlights varying recommendations for testosterone use in peri- and postmenopausal women, noting its accepted role in treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder but stressing controversy and lack of FDA-approved options for broader use.