Dermatological Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), particularly with estradiol and estradiol-testosterone combinations, significantly benefits postmenopausal women by enhancing skin collagen synthesis, which is crucial for counteracting symptoms like skin dryness, increased wrinkles, and bruising due to collagen loss. Studies reviewed in this article demonstrate that HRT increases Type I and III collagen production through mechanisms involving the TGF-β signaling pathway and Smad 3 protein expression, which inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1. Notably, a 6-month HRT regimen can achieve similar collagen induction effects as seen in longer treatments, with collagen levels plateauing after 1-2 years. Additionally, HRT improves skin hydration by increasing hyaluronic acid levels and supports nail structure, prevents hair loss, and maintains mucosal tissue integrity. These findings underscore the dermatological benefits of HRT in mitigating the adverse effects of menopause on skin health.