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    Glossary Gonads

    organs that produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

    Gonads, also known as sex glands or reproductive glands, are the organs responsible for producing gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) and secreting sex hormones. In males, the gonads are the testes, which produce testosterone, while in females, the gonads are the ovaries, which produce estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating secondary sexual characteristics, reproductive cycles, and overall reproductive health.

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    1. Physiology of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in the Male Urologic Clinics of North America · 2016 · 70 citations
    2. Replacement with GABAergic steroid precursors restores the acute ethanol withdrawal profile in adrenalectomy/gonadectomy mice Neuroscience · 2009 · 12 citations
    3. COVID-19 pandemic: what about the gonads? Hormones · 2021 · 9 citations
    4. Gonadal Dysgenesis: Associations between Clinical Features and Sex of Rearing. Endocrine Journal · 1997 · 9 citations
    5. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Sex- and Gonadal Status- Dependent Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease Pharmaceuticals · 2023 · 2 citations
    6. Role of Environmental Factors and Gonadotoxin Exposure in Unexplained Male Infertility Springer eBooks · 2015 · 2 citations
    7. Gonadal Sex Steroids: Production, Action and Interactions in Mammals InTech eBooks · 2012 · 2 citations
    8. Adrenal and Gonadal Activity, Androgen Concentrations, and Adult Height Outcomes in Boys With Silver-Russell Syndrome Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019 · 1 citations
    9. Gonads John Wiley & Sons, Ltd eBooks · 2013
    10. Coconut oil works as a gonadal feedback testosterone booster and increases pituitary aromatase (cyp19a1b) expression levels in fugu (Takifugu rubripes) Aquaculture · 2025
    11. Insulin administration alters gonadal steroid metabolism independent of changes in gonadotropin secretion in insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Investigation · 1989 · 202 citations
    12. Sex differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis’ response to stress: an important role for gonadal hormones Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019 · 197 citations
    13. Gonadal Function Abnormalities in Sickle Cell Anemia Annals of Internal Medicine · 1976 · 163 citations
    14. Clinical and Hormonal Effects of Chronic Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment in Polycystic Ovarian Disease* The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1987 · 96 citations
    15. Puberty in Boys: Correlation of Plasma Levels of Gonadotropins (LH, FSH), Androgens (Testosterone, Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone and Its Sulfate), Estrogens (Estrone and Estradiol) and Progestins (Progesterone and 17-Hydroxyprogesterone) The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1975 · 96 citations
    16. Three-Month Treatment With a Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist of Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Effects on Tissue Androgen Concentration, 5<i>α</i>-Reductase Activity and Androgen Receptor Content* 1989 · 82 citations
    17. Treatment of Hirsutism with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist (Nafarelin)∗ 1986 · 77 citations
    18. Female Gonadal Function before and after Treatment of Acromegaly The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2010 · 74 citations
    19. Comparison of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and a low dose oral contraceptive given alone or together in the treatment of hirsutism. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1995 · 62 citations
    20. Effects of the 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Finasteride on Serum Levels of Gonadal, Adrenal, and Hypophyseal Hormones and its Clinical Significance: A Prospective Clinical Study Steroids · 1998 · 56 citations
    21. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist therapy for hirsutism is as effective as high dose cyproterone acetate but results in a longer remission Human reproduction · 1997 · 49 citations
    22. Gonadal dysgenesis and bone metabolism Joint bone spine · 2001 · 45 citations
    23. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Responses to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Disclose Distinct Phenotypes of Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2007 · 42 citations
    24. The Aromatase Inhibitor Fadrozole and the 5-Reductase Inhibitor Finasteride Affect Gonadal Differentiation and Gene Expression in the Frog <i>Silurana tropicalis</i> Sexual Development · 2009 · 37 citations
    25. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Hyperandrogenism of Ovarian Origin The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2011 · 36 citations
    26. The effect of treatment with an LH-RH agonist (Buserelin) on gonadal activity growth and bone maturation in children with central precocious puberty European Journal of Pediatrics · 1987 · 34 citations
    27. Melanocyte and gonad activity as potential severity modifying factors in C3H/HeJ mouse alopecia areata Experimental dermatology · 2001 · 30 citations
    28. Gonadal Suppressive and Cross‐Sex Hormone Therapy for Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults Pharmacotherapy · 2014 · 25 citations
    29. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (nafarelin) test to differentiate gonadotropin deficiency from constitutionally delayed puberty in teen-age boys--a clinical research center study. 1995 · 24 citations
    30. Effects of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on circulating androgens and gonadotropin secretion in hirsute women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 1994 · 22 citations