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The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Insulin resistance and high male hormone levels are major causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Effective hair loss treatment in women requires correct diagnosis and can include medications like minoxidil, antiandrogens, and treatments for underlying conditions like PCOS.

Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.

Reduced androgens linked to kinky hair disorder and hair loss; 5a-reductase inhibitors may help.

Birth control pills with low-dose estrogen and antiandrogenic progestins can effectively treat acne.

Acne significantly affects mental health and quality of life, with research suggesting hormonal and genetic factors in its development and emphasizing early treatment to prevent scarring.

Male hormones worsen kidney transplant damage, but blocking them helps.

The document concludes that various cosmetic and drug treatments are available for hirsutism, and some new drugs show promise.

Gonadal hormones may influence sex differences in play fighting in animals, but their effect on human spatial behavior is unclear and needs more research.

Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

Environmental factors and chemicals might affect hormone balance and contribute to common hair loss.

Young girls whose mothers have PCOS may have higher activity of a specific enzyme that could lead to developing PCOS later.

The skin's ability to produce hormones is linked to various skin conditions, and better understanding this process could lead to new treatments.

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.

Long-term use of dutasteride for enlarged prostate may worsen blood sugar, cholesterol, and erectile dysfunction.

Hormone imbalances can cause skin diseases, and understanding these links is important for diagnosis and treatment.

Finasteride use can cause lasting negative effects like sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and cognitive issues.

Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.

Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

Finasteride effectively reduces hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism, but requires careful contraception during treatment.

Fadrozole and finasteride change gene expression related to sex hormones and thyroid hormones in frog larvae development.

Antiandrogens, particularly flutamide and CPA, are most effective for treating hirsutism, with long-term use needed for best results.

Finasteride and minoxidil are effective FDA-approved treatments for androgenetic alopecia.

New treatments for hair loss show promise, especially finasteride for men and a stronger minoxidil formula.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

Many treatments for hair loss lack proper testing and FDA approval, so their effectiveness is uncertain.