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The study found that women with hyperandrogenic PCOS have higher levels of AKT1 and AKT2 proteins in their cells, which may lead to cell dysfunction.

The document concludes that various drugs can manage symptoms and metabolic issues in women with PCOS.

The study found three different timing patterns of symptoms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Larger ovarian size is linked to higher insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Secondary amenorrhea has many causes and requires thorough evaluation to treat and restore menstrual cycles.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors like spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride can treat hair loss and skin conditions, but they have risks and side effects, including potential harm to pregnant women and risks of cancer and heart issues. Herbal remedies also have antiandrogenic effects but lack safety validation.

The conclusion is that endocrinology significantly impacts medicine with various common medications used for treatment.

A postmenopausal woman's excessive hair growth and hair loss were due to a non-cancerous ovarian condition, treated successfully with surgery.

Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.

The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.

A new method can almost perfectly distinguish adenomyosis from similar conditions using blood tests.

Experts recommend using evidence-based methods to diagnose and treat hirsutism, focusing on symptoms and underlying causes.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

Spironolactone most effective for hirsutism, but has side effects.

Effective hair loss treatment in women requires correct diagnosis and can include medications like minoxidil, antiandrogens, and treatments for underlying conditions like PCOS.

The conclusion is that the best initial treatment for hirsutism is usually oral contraceptives, with the addition of antiandrogens or insulin sensitizers if needed, and topical eflornithine or laser treatments as supplementary options.

Insulin resistance contributes to hormone imbalances in many women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Certain microRNAs in the fluid around eggs are linked to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and may help diagnose it.

Long-term finasteride use doesn't change bone density or metabolism.

Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone play a role in women's health issues like excess hair and baldness, and treatments blocking these hormones may help.

Women with PCOS have higher levels of AMH in their blood and follicles, and this can help predict their risk of overreaction to fertility treatments.

Insulin resistance is linked to high male hormone levels in women, often seen in those with PCOS.

Finasteride improves hair growth and reduces hirsutism in women, but side effects and optimal dosages need further research.

New male hormonal contraceptives show promise but need more research on long-term effects and funding for larger trials.

Lifestyle changes are the first step in treating infertility in PCOS, followed by medications like clomiphene and metformin, and then surgery if needed.

The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.

Hair loss in postmenopausal woman caused by ovarian issue.

The document suggests various treatments for PCOS, including medication for menstrual issues, insulin resistance, and excess hair, as well as fertility treatments, while highlighting the need for personalized care and lifestyle changes.