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Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

Hair loss increases with age; alcohol raises risk, more female partners lowers it.

Bioprinting could improve wound healing but needs more development to match real skin.

Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.

Understanding different types of skin cells, especially fibroblasts, can lead to better treatments for wound healing and less scarring.

Targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway effectively treats several inflammatory skin diseases.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

Taxane chemotherapy can cause skin, hair, and nail side effects, which are often under-reported and can affect patient quality of life.

Eczema and fungal infections are the most common skin problems in Japan, with different age groups and genders affected by various conditions.

Male pattern hair loss could hint at androgens affecting COVID-19 severity.

Antibiotics can reduce acne but may lead to resistant bacteria, and understanding the skin's bacteria is important for treatment.

Some vitamins and minerals like vitamin D and iron can help with certain types of hair loss, but more research is needed for others.

Skin grafts on mice can cause an immune response leading to hair loss, useful for studying human hair loss conditions.

Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).

Coal tar shampoos, salicylic acid, and topical corticosteroids are effective for scalp psoriasis, with Vitamin D3 analogues also showing benefits; severe cases may require stronger medication with more risks.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Women with PCOS and higher androgen levels are more likely to have fatty liver disease.

Most women with PCOS have high levels of male hormones, and free testosterone is the best marker for this.

Adult female acne treatment should be personalized, considering individual preferences and pregnancy, using various topical and oral medications while managing side effects and resistance.

Children with atopic dermatitis often have sleep problems, affecting their growth and behavior.

People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.

South Asian women with PCOS are more likely to have metabolic issues and central obesity, and simple measures like waist size and blood pressure can help identify these risks early.

Microneedling is promising for treating various skin issues but needs more research to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

Formyl-peptide receptor agonists could be new anti-inflammatory drugs.

Recombinant cytokine therapy can cause skin reactions ranging from mild to severe.

Treating psoriasis on the scalp, nails, and skin folds is challenging, often requiring systemic treatments for severe cases, with some success in topical and biologic treatments.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.

Hormones and metabolism play a complex role in prostate enlargement, and more research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.