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Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.

Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.

Pregnancy can cause skin pigmentation, stretch marks, and changes in hair, nails, and sweat glands, with most resolving after birth.

Prolactin may be important for skin growth and immune function.

Hair loss led to the diagnosis of Cushing's disease in a patient, showing that hair loss can be a sign of hormonal disorders.

PCOS is a complex condition linked to hormonal imbalance and insulin resistance, with weight loss being important for management.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Stress can cause hair loss by negatively affecting hair follicles and this effect might be reversed with specific treatments.

Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have a longer distance between the clitoris and anus.

Metformin and rosiglitazone both improved insulin use and hormonal symptoms in women with PCOS.

Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.

Some Middle Eastern plants may help treat diabetes and could be alternatives to current drugs, but more research is needed.

Menopause affects hair and skin; more research needed for treatment.

Genetic counselors should be culturally skilled and aware of transgender patients' unique health risks and needs.

Men with liver cancer have higher levels of a specific testosterone byproduct in their liver and blood, despite overall lower male hormone levels.

Western diet may cause male pattern baldness; low glycemic diet with magnesium could help.

About 15% of adolescent girls in a region of India have Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, which is more common in those born by cesarean, with wisdom teeth, or with central obesity.

Dobutamine does not mimic dopamine at therapeutic doses but may at very high concentrations; microfilaments, not microtubules, are important for wound healing in Xenopus embryos.

Hormonal therapies are effective for managing hair and skin symptoms in women with PCOS.

Female rats showed more panic-related behavior than males, influenced by hormonal cycles and certain drugs.

Inositol was more effective than Metformin in treating symptoms of PCOS in women.

Inositol was more effective than metformin in improving menstrual cycles and pregnancy rates in PCOS patients.

Alopecia X in dogs is a cosmetic issue, not a hormonal disorder, and harmful treatments should be avoided.

The document concludes that more multidisciplinary research is needed to understand and treat PCOS, a condition that significantly affects women's health and quality of life.

Melasma's causes include genetics, sun exposure, hormones, and oxidative stress, and understanding these can help create better treatments.

Hormones like androgens, estrogen, thyroid hormones, and stress hormones can contribute to hair loss, and treatments target these hormonal imbalances.

Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.

Testosterone with or without finasteride doesn't improve thinking skills in older men with low testosterone.

IGF-1 injections help mice grow more hair by increasing cell growth and blocking a hair growth inhibitor.