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Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.

Oral minoxidil shows promise for hair growth but needs more research on dosing and side effects.

The data suggests that dosing differences can help manage spasticity in patients with upper motor neuron dysfunction.

Treating classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency requires precise glucocorticoid dosing and attention to individual patient needs, with new treatments showing promise.

Gene therapy, especially using atoh1, shows promise for creating functional sensory hair cells in the inner ear, but dosing and side effects need to be managed for clinical application.

Radiesse is a versatile facial injectable used for cosmetic improvements and long-term collagen production, with careful dosing needed to prevent complications.

Higher minoxidil concentration (5%) works better for severe hair loss, with most patients seeing regrowth in 48-60 weeks.

Experts agree on guidelines for safely using low-dose oral minoxidil to treat hair loss.

The conclusion is that genetic changes in the glucocorticoid receptor can lead to conditions affecting stress response, immunity, and metabolism, requiring personalized treatment.

Men need higher doses and tailored injection techniques for botulinum toxin treatments due to their unique facial features.

Oral itraconazole effectively reaches and treats deep skin layers in guinea pigs.

Cataract surgery guidelines vary across Europe, and generic finasteride sales for hair loss have grown due to pill splitting.

Cataract surgery in Europe varies in frequency and cost between countries.

Methotrexate is a key, cost-effective drug for skin conditions, but requires careful monitoring for side effects.

AMH helps estimate ovarian reserve but doesn't predict pregnancy chances; age is more important.

Redefining drug dosages is crucial when repurposing them for new uses.

Caffeine in cosmetics may reduce cellulite, protect skin, and stimulate hair growth, but more research is needed on its use and effects.

The drug IPI-926 is safe at 160 mg daily and may help treat certain tumors, especially basal cell carcinoma.

Acitretin is effective for certain types of psoriasis, safe for long-term use, and often combined with other treatments.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising drugs for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Cyclosporine can treat skin conditions but needs careful monitoring for side effects.

Dissolving microneedles show promise for delivering medication through the skin but face challenges like manufacturing complexity and regulatory hurdles.

Platelet-rich plasma, which carries growth factors, could be a promising treatment for non-scarring hair loss, promoting hair growth and density with no major side effects.

Nanoparticles show promise for better wound healing, but more research is needed to ensure safety and effectiveness.

A drug-free microneedle patch significantly promotes hair growth and prevents infections.

Activating NRF2 might help treat hair disorders by improving antioxidant defenses.

JAK inhibitors are a promising new treatment for hair loss and nail problems in alopecia areata.

Lidocaine-loaded microparticles effectively relieve pain and fight bacteria in wounds.

PPAR-γ is important for healthy hair and its problems, and more research on PPAR-γ treatments is needed.

Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.