6 citations
,
December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that a highly resistant structure, located at the interface between the cuticle and cortex of human hair, acts as a penetration barrier, which the authors propose to name the "cuticle anchored resistant base" or CARB.
12 citations
,
July 2015 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This study found that mechanical damage from grooming and environmental factors contributes to crack formation and eventual breakage in African-American hair, highlighting the need for continuous care.
52 citations
,
August 1978 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” Human hair's ability to get wet is complex and can change with treatments, damage, and environment.
1 citations
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October 2017 in “ecancermedicalscience” This study observed that the molecular structure of keratins in hair fibres' discrete transition zone differs in breast cancer patients, with altered lipid ester absorption bands reverting post-cancer removal.
April 2023 in “CRC Press eBooks” This research highlights the key interactions of hair cosmeceuticals, focusing on their effects on the hair fiber surface, cuticle, and cortex, which are crucial for protection and mechanical strength, particularly in damaged hair.
19 citations
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May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” This study found that human hair cuticle and cortex have different protein structures, with beta-sheet and disorder configurations in the cuticle and alpha-helical structures in the cortex.
18 citations
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August 2014 in “Lipids” This study found that unsaturated fatty acids are more abundant in the cortex of human hair than on its surface, and steryl glycoside-like lipids may help bind the cuticle to the cortex.
5 citations
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December 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” This study found that shikimic acid- and maleate-based hair repair agents modified the structure of hair fibers, though they did not increase disulfide bridge content in the hair cortex.
16 citations
,
December 2016 in “ecancermedicalscience” This study suggests that ATR-FT-IR spectral analysis of hair fibres may detect breast cancer through increased lipid content changes linked to cancer presence.
10 citations
,
November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study proposed the existence of a membrane-like structure between the cuticle and cortex in human hair, which may provide strong protection against external stimuli.
December 2025 in “Biopolymers” This study found that chemically treated hair, particularly when subjected to both acid straightening and bleaching, experiences more significant structural damage when exposed to heat, highlighting key changes in both the internal and surface components of hair fibers.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” This study found that coconut oil impedes hair hydration more effectively than soybean oil by penetrating deeper, and suggested a new model for intermediate filament assembly in hair.
12 citations
,
February 2019 in “Skin research and technology” This study found that white hair fibers have lower lipid content and different water absorption dynamics compared to brown hair fibers, suggesting differences in their barrier functions.
3 citations
,
August 1980 in “Acs Symposium Series” Hair increases in size when it absorbs water, and treatments like bleaching affect how much water it can take in.
40 citations
,
March 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study visualized mitochondrial metabolism in cultured bovine hair follicles and plucked human hairs, finding that ROS and mitochondrial polarization correlate in specific hair follicle regions, particularly near keratin deposition sites.
8 citations
,
January 2012 in “International journal of polymer analysis and characterization/IJPAC. International journal of polymer analysis and characterization/IJPAC. International journal of analysis and characterization” This study found that hydrogenated palm oil effectively conditions damaged hair by preventing water-induced swelling, with TOF-SIMS analysis showing that its component tripalmitin penetrates the hair's cuticle and outer cortex.
January 2019 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” This study utilized advanced imaging techniques to quantify hair damage and dye uptake dynamics, revealing that compound penetration in hair is influenced by molecule size and lipophilicity.
42 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” This study demonstrates that spatially resolved IR and Raman imaging can effectively reveal the molecular structure and composition of untreated human hair, providing insights into its chemistry and structural integrity.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This study found that thermal hair-straightening devices significantly damaged the cuticle and cortex of virgin Asian and Caucasian hair, with Asian hair experiencing more protein loss than Caucasian hair.
June 2017 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” This study compared the effects of three compounds on structural and sensory benefits for bleached hair when applied with or after bleaching, observing that their application may mitigate bleaching-induced damage.
24 citations
,
November 2015 in “Scientific reports” This study discovered a new region in the hair cortex where intermediate filaments are both aligned with the hair's axis and orientationally ordered, influenced by the cuticle boundary.
12 citations
,
July 2016 in “Forensic science international” This study found that postmortem root banding in hair is likely due to the degradation of the intermacrofibrillar matrix in the cortex, with no damage to the cuticle observed.
19 citations
,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” This review explains the mechanical composition and molecular interactions that determine hair's mechanical properties, without providing any new experimental findings.
17 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” This review explores theories on the evolution of hair from synapsid scales and glands, proposing mechanisms supported by comparative studies, but reports no new experimental findings.
2 citations
,
December 2023 in “Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks” The book discussed in this abstract is a comprehensive guide to hair analysis, detailing the latest methods and applications across various fields such as toxicology and drug monitoring, designed for both newcomers and experts in the field.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” This study found that different polypeptides, including KP peptide and hydrolyzed keratin, can improve the mechanical properties of damaged hair under varying conditions, with reduction environments and cysteine content influencing their effectiveness.
47 citations
,
June 1996 in “International Journal of Legal Medicine” This article discusses how drug molecules integrate into hair fibers, focusing on biological transport mechanisms and physicochemical factors, but reports no new experimental findings.
This study found that hair fibers broke down and lost keratin in extremely basic conditions, revealing the inner medulla and changing the color of the fibers.
356 citations
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December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” This study found that specific human hair keratins are differentially expressed in the hair follicle, suggesting a shared pathway of epithelial differentiation between hair cortex and nail plate cells.
June 2023 in “Experimental dermatology” This study found that pubic hair from Korean males has a thicker cuticle layer with more scales compared to scalp hair, offering better protection against chemical damage, and hypothesizes this evolved as a defense mechanism against exposure to urine and ammonia.