January 1997 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document explains how shampoos clean, rinses condition, one-step shampoos offer convenience, and hair growth promoters aim to prevent hair loss, emphasizing the importance of scientific evidence for their effectiveness.
November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
20 citations,
January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” Chemical treatments and daily stresses damage hair, especially the cuticle layer.
10 citations,
January 2002 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” The cuticle significantly contributes to hair stiffness, making up about 60% of the total bending stress.
August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
52 citations,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
42 citations,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
30 citations,
September 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Bleaching hair causes severe structural and chemical damage, including protein loss and oxidation.
45 citations,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
31 citations,
December 2002 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. G, General subjects/Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects (Online)” The research found two types of calcium in human hair, one that varies among individuals and another that is consistent across people.
30 citations,
August 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.
23 citations,
August 2019 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Pollution exposure speeds up hair damage.
20 citations,
December 2012 in “Journal of molecular structure” The study found that thioglycolic acid breaks down hair bonds more consistently than l-cysteine, which is less damaging to hair.
13 citations,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.
13 citations,
January 2001 in “Pediatric dermatology” A dark-haired Chinese girl had hair that looked banded under certain light but was normal under a microscope.
9 citations,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The torsional method effectively evaluates hair damage and the performance of hair care ingredients.
6 citations,
October 2016 Understanding how keratin structures in hair are arranged and interact is key for creating methods to extract and purify them.
4 citations,
June 2016 in “PubMed” Repeated dyeing and shampooing cause hair color loss and damage.
January 2017 in “Clinical approaches and procedures in cosmetic dermatology” Cosmetic procedures can harm hair, but damage can be minimized with knowledge and care; however, once hair is damaged, it cannot be reliably repaired.
November 2011 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks” Environmental, chemical, mechanical, and personal health factors can all damage hair and contribute to hair loss or changes in hair quality.
May 2017 in “Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure” Water quality affects mineral content in hair, and coconut oil can protect against damage.
The research found that people's hair proteins vary, especially by ethnicity and body part, which could help identify individuals in forensic science.
The research found that people's hair proteins vary by individual and body part, with some differences between ethnic groups, which could help in forensics.
1 citations,
November 2023 in “Cosmetics” Surfactants damage hair, but sealing the cuticle can prevent this.
68 citations,
August 2014 in “PeerJ” Human hair proteins vary by individual, body site, and ethnicity, useful for forensics.
9 citations,
July 2018 in “Acta biomaterialia” Eyelash curvature is linked to the thickness of the cuticle layer at the root.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.
8 citations,
July 2011 in “Animal science journal” Keratin 33A is a key protein in goat winter coats, especially in high-producing breeds.
3 citations,
January 2007 in “Journal of health science” The enzymatic method can effectively identify chemical treatments on hair.
2 citations,
February 2016 in “Journal of sol-gel science and technology” A small molecule can strengthen fine hair, making it more resistant and natural-feeling.