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The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

The secretome from mesenchymal stem cells is a promising treatment that may repair tissue and avoid side effects of stem cell transplantation.

Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.

Different animals have unique versions of the enzyme that changes testosterone into another hormone, which is important for creating effective treatments for prostate and hair loss conditions.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

Blocking COX, especially COX-2, in the skin can reduce inflammation and pain and may help prevent skin cancer.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling controls cell development and repair, and its malfunction can cause disorders and cancer, but it also offers potential for targeted therapies.

Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.

The document concludes that understanding the sebaceous gland's development and function is key to addressing related skin diseases and aging effects.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

Hormones and metabolism play a complex role in prostate enlargement, and more research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.

5α‐reductase isozymes are crucial for prostate development and health, and targeting them can help prevent and treat prostate issues.

Growth factors are crucial for hair development and could help treat hair diseases.

FOXO1 is important for wound healing, but its dysfunction in diabetes can slow the healing process.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

EGF and KGF signalling prevent hair follicle formation and promote skin cell development in mice.

Women with PCOS often have skin problems like excessive hair, acne, hair loss, and dark patches, which can be treated with hormonal and non-hormonal therapies.

Certain medications including flutamide, spironolactone, and others effectively reduce excessive hair growth in women, especially when combined with lifestyle changes.

Finasteride works better than Permixon in reducing dihydrotestosterone levels.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

The FOXN1 gene is crucial for developing immune cells and preventing immune disorders.

The nude gene causes skin cell overgrowth and improper development, leading to hair and urinary issues.

Women with PCOS often feel stigmatized and have mood issues, which can lower their sexual satisfaction, but proper treatment and support can help.

Isotretinoin's effects and side effects, like birth defects and depression, might be due to it causing cell death in various cells.

Keratin 79 marks a new group of cells that are key for creating and repairing the hair follicle's structure.

Both drugs lower DHT levels, with GI198745 being more effective.

Wnt signaling may be linked to heart diseases in aging and could be a target for future treatments.

The document suggests that targeting the hormone DHT could be a more effective treatment for prostate cancer than targeting testosterone.

Finasteride reduces hair loss and treats BPH without major hormone changes, but may cause sexual dysfunction.