40 citations
,
July 2024 in “Bioengineering” This review found significant progress in 3D bioprinting for surgery, noting advances in creating complex tissue constructs, while highlighting ongoing challenges like vascularization and integration with host tissue, emphasizing the need for further research and regulatory development.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study suggests that 3D bioprinting may become a practical solution for tissue regeneration and complex wound care, demonstrating improved outcomes over traditional methods in various applications.
November 2025 in “IECCMEXICO” This review reports that 3D skin bioprinting has made significant progress towards clinical application, particularly in wound healing and disease modeling, but further work on vascularization and bioink standardization remains crucial.
December 2024 in “African Journal of Biomedical Research” This review discusses the potential of 3D bioprinting to revolutionize cosmetic treatments through personalized skin regeneration, facial reconstruction, and anti-aging therapies, while highlighting the current challenges and promising future in the field of cosmetology.
17 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications” This review discusses the potential of bioprinting technology in cosmetology, particularly for improving skin functions like pigmentation restoration and hair follicle development, but reports no new clinical findings.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study demonstrates that 3D bioprinting is advancing toward practical use in reconstructive medicine, with promising results in personalized skin grafts, hair regeneration, and burn care, despite existing technical and ethical challenges.
January 2026 in “International journal of high school research” This review discusses how combining single-cell RNA sequencing and 3D bioprinting is advancing skin tissue engineering by enhancing cellular-level precision and addressing challenges like vascularization, ultimately improving regenerative outcomes and therapeutic strategies.
August 2023 in “European Journal of Plastic Surgery” This study found that although three-dimensional bioprinting in plastic and reconstructive surgery is rapidly advancing, complete tissue systems have not yet been successfully printed due to ongoing challenges.
January 2019 in “CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY”
February 2025 in “Theranostics” In this study, researchers used 3D bioprinting with skin stem cells and specific hydrogels to create artificial skin that successfully promoted complete wound healing and the regeneration of skin structures, including hair follicles and blood vessels, in mice.
This chapter reviews bioengineered human hair follicles and discusses the pros and cons of different 3-D bioprinting methods, but reports no new experimental findings.
1 citations
,
September 2022 in “Biomaterials advances” This study used 3D bioprinting to implant epidermal stem cells, skin-derived precursors, and Matrigel into mouse wounds, successfully regenerating hair follicles and skin components within four weeks, with minimal impact on stem cell viability and stemness.
6 citations
,
June 2024 in “Biofabrication” This study used digital-light-processing bioprinting to create a 3D skin-on-a-chip model with a miniaturized vascular network to closely study immune cell interactions similar to real human skin, demonstrating the potential to analyze immune-T cell trafficking influenced by skin signals.
46 citations
,
October 2023 in “Science Advances” In this study, researchers used 3D bioprinting to successfully create engineered skin tissues with hair follicle-like structures, potentially enhancing skin grafts and safety testing for chemical compounds by more closely mimicking natural skin complexity.
May 2026 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” This review explores emerging 3D bioprinting strategies for hair follicle creation, highlighting their potential to advance alopecia treatment and trichology research, but notes the need for further optimization and reduced maintenance costs before clinical use.
15 citations
,
March 2022 in “Acta Biomaterialia” This study demonstrated that a 3D bioprinting technique using a gelatin/alginate hydrogel scaffold can regenerate entire hair follicles in mice, offering potential advancements in hair loss treatment.
1 citations
,
October 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study demonstrated that intraoperative bioprinting using a bioink with human adipose-derived extracellular matrix and stem cells achieved successful reconstruction of full-thickness craniomaxillofacial skin defects in rats, promoting wound closure, adipogenesis, and hair follicle-like structure formation within two weeks.
3 citations
,
June 2025 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” This review highlights the global efforts and challenges in 3D bioprinting for developing skin substitutes, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to enhance reproducibility and clinical applicability in wound healing and regeneration.
June 2026 in “International Journal of Bioprinting” This review found that 3D bioprinting significantly advances skin tissue engineering by enabling the creation of complex, patient-specific skin structures, though technological and regulatory challenges persist, particularly in areas like scalability and physiological mimicry.
October 2024 in “Applied Sciences” In this study, tubular 3D bioprinted structures made from sodium alginate and gelatin, containing NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells, demonstrated the ability for cell growth and network formation over 6 weeks, although structural tensile strength decreased with cell growth and polymer degradation.
82 citations
,
January 2022 in “Bioactive Materials” This review discusses extrusion-based bioprinting bioinks for skin regeneration, highlighting their current applications, limitations, and potential improvements, but reports no new experimental findings.
35 citations
,
February 2024 in “Science Advances” This study introduces a magnet-assisted fabrication strategy for creating complex 3D soft bioscaffolds, demonstrating its effectiveness by producing structures with overhangs and supporting biohybrid actuators, promising advancements in biomedical applications.
48 citations
,
December 2022 in “Biomolecules” This review discusses recent advancements in 3D bioprinting for skin regeneration and describes potential improvements for clinical applications, but it reports no new experimental results.
24 citations
,
October 2024 in “International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing” This review discusses the advancements and challenges in skin bioprinting techniques and applications, including hair follicles and pigmentation, while addressing the need for improvements in vascularization, safety, and clinical translation, according to the authors.
150 citations
,
January 2018 in “Burns & Trauma” This review discusses strategies and advances in bioprinting for skin wound healing, concluding that bioprinting could offer promising solutions for skin regeneration despite existing challenges.
May 2026 in “Biotechnology and Bioengineering” This review discusses recent breakthroughs in 3D bioprinting for hair regeneration, highlighting developments like biomimetic dermal papilla spheroids and follicle organoids, but notes that clinical application is hindered by challenges in integrating vascular and nerve systems and managing hair-cycle dynamics.
January 2026 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” This study introduces a new multiaxial bioreactor system that uniformly stretches tissue-engineered skin grafts and improves skin tissue maturation through enhanced cellular distribution and environmental monitoring.
June 2026 in “Virtual and Physical Prototyping” This study introduced a high-viscosity epoxy photoresist to enhance the fabrication of complex microstructures with monolithic integration and mechanical stability, enabling advancements in two-photon 3D printing for creating functional micro-mechanical devices.
January 2024 in “UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria)” This project report reviews six experimental 3D bioprinting methods for cultivating artificial hair follicles, noting significant challenges such as method complexity, low output, and delayed approval for human trials, while proposing a potential solution for creating a permanent hair system on the scalp.
4 citations
,
May 2025 in “Life” This review highlights advancements in 3D bioprinting for skin tissue engineering, focusing on exosome-loaded bioinks that show potential for enhancing skin regeneration and repair.