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This review examines the chemical composition and potential health risks of hair straighteners, but it reports no new findings and emphasizes the importance of understanding hair fibre structure for safe use.

In this study, the researchers addressed the development of a new hair treatment prototype as an innovative alternative to current chemical hair straightening products, highlighting possible health risks and environmental concerns associated with conventional treatments. Results are not provided in the abstract.

This study found that a single application of 'Lye' or 'No-Lye' chemical straighteners significantly reduced drug concentrations in hair samples from both drug-fortified standards and authentic drug users.

Chemical hair straightening may be linked to a type of permanent hair loss.

This study found that using a bicomponent reduction system with TGA and DTDG for hair straightening limited hair damage by forming only thiol groups, while a TGA-only system formed more damaging mixed disulfide groups.

This review discusses the historical development of hair straightening products for Afro-ethnic hair and reports no new research findings.

This review discusses hair straightening techniques, products, and safety risks, providing guidance for dermatologists to advise patients effectively; it reports no new clinical results.

In this study, chemical treatments during permanent hair straightening were found to randomize proteins in the cortex, aiding in the reconnection of disulfide bonds during oxidation.

This study found that bleaching, dyeing, and UVA/Vis radiation caused significant cuticle damage and protein loss in both Caucasian and Afro-ethnic hair, highlighting the aggressive nature of these treatments.

This study reviewed existing research on the potential link between chemical hair relaxers and uterine cancer, highlighting the scarcity of epidemiological studies and stressing the importance of understanding straightening methods in communities of color.

Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.

This study observed that combining hair dyeing with sodium hydroxide relaxers drastically increased protein loss in Caucasian virgin dark brown hair, while ammonium thioglycolate or guanidine hydroxide relaxers caused less damage.

This study reviews the biology and cosmetic treatment of hair, emphasizing future advancements in safer, more effective procedures to meet consumer needs for hair care.

This study evaluated the therapeutic response of an Afro-descendant patient with non-scarring alopecia after prolonged use of alkaline straighteners and mechanical traction, highlighting the susceptibility of Afro hair to chemical and mechanical damage due to its structure.

This review discusses the chemical processes involved in hair styling and straightening and reports no new results; the authors highlight pregnancy safety with hair treatments during pregnancy.

This study of African-American women found that those perceiving greater hair breakage showed lower break stress and higher premature failure rates, linked to grooming practices and hair curvature.

This chapter reviews the anatomy and structure of hair, discusses hair damage and analyses, and explores methods for processing hair changes, but presents no new research findings.

This review discusses cultural hair care practices for African American scalp health and recommends combining clinical evaluation with cultural knowledge, but reports no new research findings.

This study found that the use of high pH chemical agents for hair straightening can cause significant damage to hair, including protein degradation and weakened fiber strength, and may lead to permanent scalp conditions like contact dermatitis and cicatricial alopecia.

This study found that chemical hair straightening significantly reduced hair curl and improved smoothness and shine, but did not significantly affect transverse fissures or split ends, indicating potential benefits with some side effects.

The commentary suggests that certain hair and skin care products may be linked to frontal fibrosing alopecia, but not sunscreens, and calls for more thorough research on the causes.

This study found that controlled thermal straightening can achieve irreversible smoothing of curly hair without chemicals, with effectiveness dependent on temperature and cycles, and silicone enhancing straightening quality.

This chapter discusses the chemical changes and possible heat-induced hair damage from thermal straightening, as well as controversies surrounding the safety of keratin straightening treatments, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the effects of chemical hair straighteners and reports associated side effects like scalp inflammation and hair damage, noting the variability of findings and the need for further research.

This review examines the science and technology behind temporary and permanent hair straightening, discussing the processes, potential advancements, and considerations for reducing adverse effects, but does not report new research findings.

This article reviews various hair straightening methods, discussing their mechanisms and potential effects on hair, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study suggests an association between glyoxylic acid-containing hair-straightening treatments and acute kidney injury in young women, with urine calcium oxalate crystals observed in some cases, indicating potential nephrotoxicity. Early treatment with thiamine and pyridoxine may mitigate the severity of kidney damage.

This study developed a novel hair-straightening shampoo incorporating a polyphenol–inorganic sulfate redox agent, finding that it effectively straightens hair while enhancing strength and reducing damage due to its protective polyphenol coating.

This article discusses hair care practices and hair cosmetics in managing alopecia but reports no new clinical findings; it emphasizes the importance of scalp health and good patient-physician communication.

This paper reviews various aspects of hair care products, including formulations, regulations, categories, and safety, without reporting new clinical findings.