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Certain gene variants may contribute to high androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Steroidogenic isoenzymes may help improve treatments for common hair loss.

Effective hirsutism management requires identifying the cause, combining new and traditional treatments, and setting realistic expectations for patients.

The document concludes that diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is difficult and should focus on specific hormone levels and menstrual irregularities, while also considering treatment for symptoms and related health issues.

The document concludes that treatments for female hair loss and excessive hair growth are temporary and not well-studied.

New treatments for excessive hair growth in women include insulin modulators and enzyme inhibitors.

Lifestyle changes and clomiphene are first-line treatments for infertility in women with PCOS, with other options available if these fail.

Hirsutism is often caused by high male hormone levels and can be treated with lifestyle changes and medications.

Minoxidil and finasteride combined can effectively treat hair loss.

PCOS care in Singapore can be bettered by refining referral systems, standardizing diagnosis and treatment, enhancing complication screening, and offering educational resources for clinicians.

Certain gene variations may protect against skin issues and oxidative stress in women with PCOS.

Different types of androgens bind differently to two receptors, AR1 and AR2, in Atlantic croaker's brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting these receptors may control different androgen actions in fish.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

Some women with acne have higher levels of free testosterone, which might suggest using hormonal treatments for acne.

Honokiol might help reduce male skin aging by maintaining testosterone levels.

Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.

Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.

Certain 4-azasteroids are effective at blocking the enzyme that processes testosterone in human skin and could help treat acne, excessive hair growth, and male pattern baldness.

Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.

Testosterone implants in women require pharmacological dosing to be effective and are generally safe and well-tolerated.

Finasteride increases hair growth, prolongs hair cycle, and lowers dihydrotestosterone levels.

Measuring plasma testosterone glucosiduronate is a reliable way to detect high male hormone levels in women.

Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.

High testosterone levels in 20% of the women studied may indicate PCOS, while 80% had low levels with potential health impacts.

DHT may increase the risk of heart disease and death in elderly men.

Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract may effectively treat testosterone-related hair loss, similar to finasteride.

Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire if monitored carefully.

Researchers developed a reliable method to measure testosterone and epitestosterone in urine for medical and anti-doping use.

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

The new test can measure very small amounts of testosterone in hair, and grinding the hair up first gives more accurate results.