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Collagen XVIII and Bmx tyrosine kinase are important for hair growth and skin cancer development.

This article describes the development milestones and recent approvals of ritlecitinib for treating severe alopecia areata, with approvals in the USA and Japan and ongoing regulatory reviews in other regions.

ITK inhibitors may effectively treat alopecia areata.

This review discusses the complex role of immune disturbances and the JAK-STAT pathway in alopecia areata, noting the success of JAK inhibitors in treatment, while highlighting ongoing debates and challenges in targeting other pathways like IL-17 and TNF-α.

In this study, ritlecitinib, an oral medication approved for adolescents and adults, significantly reduced scalp hair loss and promoted eyebrow and eyelash regrowth in severe alopecia areata patients, with benefits sustained over 48 weeks and generally well-tolerated minor side effects.

In this narrative review, researchers outlined the role of T cells in the autoimmune pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlighted ongoing research into therapeutic pathways, beyond current JAK inhibitors, aimed at developing new treatments for the disease.

In this phase 2a study of adults with alopecia areata, researchers observed that ritlecitinib treatment did not result in significant differences in brainstem auditory evoked potential changes or axonal swelling compared to placebo, suggesting the dog toxicity findings may not be clinically relevant in humans.

This study found that treatment with ritlecitinib improved hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients, with many achieving significant results after 24 weeks compared to placebo.

This study found that in Asian patients aged 12 and older with alopecia areata and significant hair loss, ritlecitinib showed clinical efficacy in improving hair regrowth and eyebrow and eyelash scores over 48 weeks, with an acceptable safety profile observed throughout.

In this study, the researchers evaluated the exposure-response relationship of ritlecitinib on eyebrow and eyelash regrowth and concluded that the established models justify selecting a 50 mg dose for patients with severe alopecia areata, while highlighting differing efficacy among evaluation methods.

This study observes that TYK2 inhibition with BMS-986202 may extend hair follicle growth phases and decrease inflammatory cell markers in alopecia areata, suggesting potential for clinical application.

This review discusses the role of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases and reports no new clinical results, highlighting ongoing research into small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors as potential treatments.

This Patent Highlight discusses recent progress in developing TYK2 inhibitors, which show potential for treating conditions like cancer, alopecia areata, and psoriatic arthritis.

This study found that a TYK2 inhibitor, BMS-986202, may restore immune privilege in hair follicles and promote hair regrowth in a humanized alopecia areata mouse model by inhibiting IL-12-mediated signaling.

This review explores the promising but varied effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treating different skin diseases, indicating their potential in dermatology while acknowledging the need for more evidence.

This study found that interleukin-12 signals play a role in hair follicle immune privilege collapse in ex vivo alopecia areata models, and a TYK2 inhibitor may help prevent or reverse this process.

In this study, researchers found that specific mutations in iRhom2 in mice lead to skin and hair abnormalities which depend on the presence of the protein ADAM17, suggesting a complex role for iRhom2 in tissue development and potential implications for treating tylosis with oesophageal cancer.

TAK-279 effectively reduces psoriasis symptoms and is safe.

Certain tyrosine kinases may regulate hair growth and could help develop hair loss treatments.

This review details the skin and hematological toxicities of tyrosine kinase inhibitors like erlotinib, gefitinib, and imatinib, and highlights ongoing concerns about cardiac toxicity, reporting no new clinical findings.

In this study, researchers found that ex vivo and in vivo administration of the TYK2 inhibitor BMS-986202 prevented immune privilege collapse and promoted hair regrowth in models of alopecia areata, suggesting this approach may offer a new therapeutic avenue deserving of clinical investigation.

This study found that tribuloside, a flavonoid from Tribulus terrestris L., enhances melanin production in human melanocytes, zebrafish, and human skin samples without causing toxicity, potentially through inhibiting PDE to increase cAMP levels and promote the melanin biosynthesis pathway.

This study described the safety profile of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating various solid tumors, finding that the observed toxicities were consistent with existing literature.

This study found that KSR1 is necessary for v-Ha-ras-mediated skin tumor formation but not for MT-driven mammary cancer, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target in Ras/MAPK signaling-related tumors.

In this study, modulating Tyrosinase expression altered mouse coat color by affecting melanosome accumulation, indicating that melanosome maturity plays a role in determining skin and hair color beyond total melanin content.

This review discusses the intracellular activity of β-thymosins and their role in modulating the actin cytoskeleton, but it reports no new experimental results.

This study found that the mutant hairless rhino bald protein in mice interacts with the vitamin D receptor but cannot repress its transactivation and shows abnormal cellular localization.

This study found that inhibiting PI3 kinase in epidermal stem cells reduces YBX1 phosphorylation, thereby decreasing cellular senescence and enhancing wound healing and regeneration in adult-derived skin models.

This study reported that a modified version of Thymosin beta 4, called PEG-rTβ4, demonstrated potential as a treatment for acute myocardial infarction by improving cardiac function and reducing cell death via specific biochemical pathways, suggesting its promise in drug development efforts.