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This study found that human scalp hair follicles can respond to corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation similarly to the classical HPA axis, including up-regulating cortisol production and activating neuroendocrine feedback loops.

This review discusses sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, focusing primarily on rodent studies, and highlights open questions about the roles of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.

This study found that thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors are functionally expressed in various skin cells, implying potential physiological and pathological roles in skin, especially in conditions like autoimmune diseases.

This study observed that cortisol concentrations in hair, indicating prolonged stress, are correlated between mothers and young children, suggesting potential heritable traits or maternal influence.

HPT axis hormones boost mitochondrial function and growth in hair follicles, potentially aiding hair health.

This article reviews the coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, male fertility, and therapies for hypogonadism, but reports no new clinical findings.

This study suggests that chronic stress can lead to decreased skin pigmentation in mice by disrupting the skin's HPA axis, potentially making stress a risk factor for depigmentation.

This study found that increased hair cortisol levels, indicating stress, were associated with greater hair loss in captive rhesus macaques, although the causality of this relationship remains unclear.

This study found that alcohol dependence is associated with altered HPA axis functioning, with AD patients showing higher hair cortisol concentrations and reduced ACTH and cortisol levels, irrespective of childhood maltreatment history.

This study found that the cuticle layer of hair contributes approximately 60% to bending stress, highlighting its significant role in the mechanical properties of hair stiffness.

This study found that stress hormones, particularly CRF, can inhibit hair growth and induce hair loss by affecting human dermal papilla cells and hair follicles, suggesting a functional HPA axis in these cells.

This study found that human hair follicles can function like a peripheral hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, synthesizing cortisol in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation.

This study concluded that qiviut cortisol can be used as a measure of HPA axis activity in muskoxen, with hair growth phase and body region affecting cortisol levels.

This study found that chronic stress may inhibit hair follicle growth and melanogenesis in mice through modulation of the central HPA axis, with C57BL/6 mice appearing most sensitive to these effects.

In this study, plasma levels of MSH and cortisol in patients with alopecia areata did not show significant changes compared to healthy controls.

This article discusses the role of human scalp hair follicles in neurohormone production and their model potential for studying neuroendocrine signaling, reporting no experimental results.

This study found that blocking neurosteroid synthesis in pregnant sheep increased HPA axis activity, particularly under stress, suggesting neurosteroids help modulate stress response.

This study found that the circular RNA circCOL1A1 influences the formation of superior-quality brush hair in white goats by regulating hair follicle stem cell behavior and interacting with the miR-149-5p/CMTM3/AR axis.

This study found that long-term use of difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion in dogs can lead to HPA axis suppression and potentially cause iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism, with localized alopecia suspected due to dermal absorption.

This study found that higher levels of cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) in hair before stroke onset were significantly associated with post-stroke depression and anxiety, suggesting they could serve as potential predictors for these mood disorders.

This study found that sexual trauma, particularly occurring between ages 5-7, was significantly associated with blunted hair cortisol levels, revealing a potential critical developmental stage affecting HPA axis function. No significant link was observed between cortisol reactivity and other adverse childhood experiences or stressors.

This study found that in pregnant rats, the suppression of ACTH responses to IL-1β is linked to the action of endogenous opioids and AP, with AP potentially inducing opioid inhibition through increased pENK-A expression.

This review highlights the role of the brain–gut–skin axis in systemic inflammatory skin conditions, revealing potential interventions like microbiome-directed treatments and integrative therapies, though emphasizes the need for more robust clinical validation.

Hair cortisol concentration partly reflects HPA axis regulation but doesn't capture all its complexities.

This study found that regulatory T cells accumulate in hair follicle epithelium via the Cxcr4-Cxcl12 axis, partially influenced by glucocorticoid receptor signaling, promoting hair regeneration; similar mechanisms were observed in human and murine skin.

This case series highlights the risk of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and adrenal insufficiency among immigrant patients using over-the-counter medications from other countries, which often contain hidden glucocorticoids marketed as vitamins, prompting clinicians to perform thorough medication histories for accurate diagnosis and management.

This study highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated stress-related dermatological issues like acne and hair loss by affecting skin and hair cycles through stress hormones, emphasizing the need for comprehensive psychoneuroendocrine-informed approaches to diagnosis and treatment.

Human hair follicles have their own thyroid hormone system.

This study investigated the association between hair loss and medications affecting the GH/IGF-1 pathway, using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System to analyze reporting odds ratios of alopecia.

This study found that human scalp hair follicles produce neurohormones and responded to GHRH stimulation by prolonging hair growth, suggesting a functional peripheral HPS neuroendocrine signaling axis in the skin.