This study found that the methanolic heartwood extract of Avicennia marina significantly inhibited the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase type 1 in a cell-based assay, suggesting potential anti-androgenic effects for treating androgenic alopecia.
1 citations
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April 2025 in “Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research” In this study, researchers using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods found that compounds from Avicennia Marina could inhibit hepatitis C virus infection by targeting key proteins such as AKT1 and TNF-α, showing potential for anti-HCV treatments.
This study found that Avicennia marina extract and its active compound avicequinone C inhibit enzymes and receptors related to androgenic alopecia, potentially supporting hair growth in cultured dermal papilla cells.
19 citations
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May 2014 in “Molecules” This study found that the methanolic heartwood extract of Avicennia marina significantly inhibits 5α-reductase type 1, reducing 5α-DHT production by 52% in a cell-based assay with human hair dermal papilla cells.
This study found that Avicennia marina extract significantly increased hair growth in androgenic alopecia patients, suggesting its potential effectiveness by inhibiting 5 alpha-reductase and regulating relevant growth factors.
2 citations
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November 2025 in “Pharmacology Research & Perspectives” This study analyzed post-marketing data from the U.S. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and identified both known and new safety concerns for Avacopan, an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis treatment, emphasizing the need for monitoring during early treatment stages.
13 citations
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January 2017 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study found that a synthetic avicequinone C analogue, 5e, was significantly more potent in inhibiting steroid 5α-reductase type 1 activity in human keratinocytes compared to the original isolated compound.
March 2026 in “Cosmoderma” This clinical study found that using a cream or lotion as an additional treatment alongside standard care for atopic dermatitis significantly reduced symptoms and improved skin moisturization and barrier function within 28 days compared to standard care alone in participants with mild-to-moderate eczema.
This study found that 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was the most effective inhibitor of steroid 5α-reductase, showing stronger inhibition than avicequinone C in HaCaT cell assays.
2 citations
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October 2025 in “Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy” This study found that cepharanthine may be a promising treatment for enterovirus infections, as it offered full protection to mice against lethal EV71 challenges and reduced viral titers and pathology.
2 citations
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September 2022 in “Advances in Environmental Biology” This study found that ethanolic extracts of Avicennia marina leaves showed potential antibacterial activity against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium but were less effective than standard antibiotics.
In this study, researchers found that crude extracts from Avicennia marina and its component avicequinone C inhibit mechanisms contributing to androgenic alopecia in vitro, including 5α-reductase activity and DHT-AR interactions, potentially promoting hair growth and delaying the catagen phase in human dermal papilla cells.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” This study developed a stable nanoemulsion of Avicennia marina heartwood extract showing promising anti-dandruff activity against Pityrosporum ovale and favorable physicochemical properties, which supports its potential use in topical formulations.
February 2026 in “Journal of Sylva Indonesiana” This study found that the heartwood extract of Avicennia marina demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 61.50 µg/mL, suggesting potential for development into supplements or topical applications targeting degenerative diseases related to oxidative stress.
This compilation details various potential side effects and interactions of vitamin A, but it reports no new research findings.
May 2011 in “Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)” This study found no statistically significant difference in the severity of insect bite hypersensitivity symptoms between horses receiving a nicotinamide supplement and those receiving a placebo.
This report discusses the FDA's rejection of Aveed, a long-acting testosterone injection, due to safety concerns despite divided advisory committee opinions, without presenting new clinical data.
3 citations
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June 2023 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” The researchers reviewed cepharanthine, a long-used bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, for its antiviral properties, including significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. They discussed cepharanthine's other pharmacological actions, highlighted plasma membrane fluidity as a key antiviral mechanism, and examined its safety, bioavailability, and potential for new clinical applications.
2 citations
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August 2013 in “The Lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology” This report discusses the FDA's third denial of approval for Aveed, a long-acting testosterone injection by Endo Pharmaceuticals, citing continued safety concerns including severe side effects.
This article discusses ongoing research efforts to develop natural anti-androgenetic alopecia treatments using bioactive compounds from medicinal plants but reports no new clinical results.
10 citations
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October 2018 in “Plant Biotechnology” This study identified two cytochrome P450 enzymes in Avicennia marina leaves that may contribute to the biosynthesis of triterpenoids, potentially responsible for the plant's medicinal properties.
1 citations
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October 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” In this study, researchers analyzed adverse events linked to avacopan using FDA data, finding no high-priority safety concerns but identifying five potential new adverse events, including alopecia, primarily among American patients, and noting a higher risk of liver dysfunction in Japanese patients.
April 2019 in “International research journal of pharmacy” This study found that a 50% ethanolic extract of Adiantum capillus had significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animals, particularly at the highest tested dose of 300 mg/kg.
June 2006 in “Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie” This review highlights the potential benefits of spironolactone in dermatology, particularly for female acne, supporting its safety over long-term use without extensive testing, but presents no new clinical results.
6 citations
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May 2023 in “Molecules” In this study, dry powder inhalers containing Cepharanthine were administered to rats with acute lung injury, significantly reducing pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and inflammatory markers, suggesting its potential as an effective anti-inflammatory treatment when inhaled directly into the lungs.
This review discusses the potential use of Adiantum capillus-veneris extract for COVID-19 symptom management and reports no clinical findings, highlighting a need for trials to evaluate its efficacy.
8 citations
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July 2023 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This review highlights cepharanthine as a promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment due to its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile, but reports no new clinical results.
April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” This study analyzed data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and found that enfortumab vedotin, used for urothelial carcinoma, is linked to various cutaneous adverse events, including severe reactions like Stevens–Johnson syndrome, typically occurring early in treatment and predominantly affecting elderly male patients.
4 citations
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August 2023 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” This study found that in noise-exposed FVB/NJ mice and cell models, ivacaftor reduced oxidative stress and hearing damage by maintaining CFTR function and increasing Nrf2 expression, suggesting its potential for treating noise-induced hearing loss.
September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that mosaic mutations in the CARD14 gene are linked to inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus in two patients, who experienced significant improvement with the IL12/IL23 inhibitor Ustekinumab.