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AIRE-deficient rats developed severe autoimmune disease similar to APECED, useful for testing treatments.

Some growth factors, while important for normal body functions, can cause diseases when not regulated properly.

A new PAX9 gene mutation causes missing teeth and hair problems, but not skin or nail issues.

The document concludes that there are still unknowns about the effectiveness, risks, and detection of performance-enhancing drugs, and doping remains a challenge.

Eating less can slow aging and help keep stem cells healthy by cleaning out damaged cell parts.

The gel made of minoxidil and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin improves hair growth and is good for long-term use.

Over 67 genes linked to ichthyosis help improve diagnosis and treatment.

Patients with myotonic dystrophy often have skin problems that suggest early aging and vitamin D issues, and the severity of these problems is linked to their genetic condition and vitamin D levels.

The document concludes that diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is difficult and should focus on specific hormone levels and menstrual irregularities, while also considering treatment for symptoms and related health issues.

Disrupting the FGF5 gene in rabbits leads to longer hair by extending the hair growth phase.

Laminin-511 may contribute to psoriasis by affecting skin cell growth and survival.

A mutation in the Adam10 gene causes freckle-like spots on Hairless mice.

A gene deletion in mice causes weak protein, immune issues, hair loss, airway problems, and wasting disease.

The S250C variant in a gene may cause autoimmunity and immunodeficiency by impairing protein function.

A mutation in the KRT71 gene causes a hair disorder by disrupting hair follicle structure and texture.

The document emphasizes the importance of correctly identifying and classifying genetic hair disorders to help diagnose related health conditions.

Hair microscopy is useful for diagnosing hair disorders, but clear definitions are needed for accurate genetic analysis.

The boy's severe skin disorder is caused by two new mutations in his TGM1 gene.

Blocking interferon-gamma might help treat various autoimmune diseases.

The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.

Mutations in Plcd1 and Plcd3 together cause severe hair loss in mice.

Key genes linked to hair growth and cancer were identified in hairless mice.

A Chinese family had a child with a specific gene mutation causing vitamin D-resistant rickets, but the child improved with calcium and low-dose calcitriol.

A new genetic area linked to a rare hair loss condition was found on chromosome 13 in a Chinese family.

The study concluded that a protein important for hair strength is regulated by certain molecular processes and is affected by growth phases.

Runx genes are important for stem cell regulation and their roles in aging and disease need more research.

Chicken feather gene mutation helps understand human hair disorders.

Deleting the p63 gene in certain cells causes problems in thymus development and severe hair loss in mice.

Bald thigh syndrome in sighthounds is caused by structural defects in hair shafts due to downregulated genes and proteins.

Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.