123 citations
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September 1987 in “JAMA” This study observed that patients receiving IL-2 immunotherapy developed a skin eruption characterized by burning and pruritus, which resolved shortly after stopping the infusion, suggesting that IL-2 mediated these effects.
September 2024 in “Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association” In this experimental study, laser irradiation significantly altered the gene expression of cytokines in cultured human T-cell lymphocytes, suggesting that such laser light may photobiomodulate cytokine production in vitro.
September 2025 in “Diseases” This study found that patients with patchy alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-21 compared to healthy controls, with these levels correlating positively with disease severity, age, and disease duration.
57 citations
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April 2019 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This background review discusses alopecia areata, highlighting the role of CD8+NKG2D+ T cells in hair follicle pathogenesis, and notes that the exact mechanisms causing hair loss remain unclear.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that mRNA booster vaccinations for SARS-CoV-2 increased protective antibodies without worsening autoimmune disease activity in patients with pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid.
