Minoxidil is not an anti-androgen; it is a growth stimulator and does not lower DHT like finasteride or dutasteride. Minoxidil can cause side effects like facial swelling and anxiety due to its vasodilator properties.
Minoxidil's effectiveness is limited by the need for sulfation and proper transport to hair follicles, with tretinoin potentially enhancing its effects by promoting enzyme activity and keratinocyte differentiation. Tretinoin may improve minoxidil's response by boosting the expression of necessary enzymes and transporters.
Painkillers like Aspirin may reduce Minoxidil's effectiveness by inhibiting the enzyme PGHS-1, which is crucial for hair growth. Using NSAIDs that inhibit COX-2 or combining Minoxidil with PGF2/E2 analogues or retinoids may enhance its efficacy.
DLQ01, a prostaglandin F2α analog, shows promise for hair growth by directly stimulating PGE2/PGF receptors without needing conversion, and can be combined with minoxidil and retinoids like tretinoin for enhanced effectiveness. Minoxidil's efficacy may be reduced by COX-1 inhibitors, but using prostaglandin analogs like Latanoprost or Bimatoprost can help maintain its effectiveness.