Transglutaminase-3 Enzyme: A Putative Actor in Human Hair Shaft Scaffolding?
TLDR TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.
The study investigated the role of transglutaminase 3 (TGase 3) in hair shaft keratinization, focusing on its localization, activity, and substrates. TGase 3, exclusively expressed in the hair shaft, was hypothesized to contribute to hair fiber structure through covalent interactions beyond disulfide bonds. Gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry suggested unexpected protein migration patterns, while Western blot and amino-acid analysis identified gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine isopeptide linkages. The researchers proposed that TGase 3-mediated isopeptide bonds between keratin intermediate filaments and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) play a crucial role in the scaffolding of the hair shaft.
View this study on jidonline.org →
Cited in this study
research Cystatin M/E Is a High Affinity Inhibitor of Cathepsin V and Cathepsin L by a Reactive Site That Is Distinct from the Legumain-binding Site
Cystatin M/E strongly inhibits cathepsin V and cathepsin L, important for skin formation.
research Human Hair Keratin-Associated Proteins
Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.
research Human KAP Genes, Only the Half of it? Extensive Size Polymorphisms in Hair Keratin-Associated Protein Genes
KAP genes show significant genetic variability, but its impact on hair traits is unclear.
research Hair keratin pattern in human hair follicles grown in vitro
Human hair follicles grown in vitro maintain normal keratin patterns and structure.
research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein (KAP) Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1
Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.
research Polymorphisms in the Human High Sulfur Hair Keratin-associated Protein 1, KAP1, Gene Family
Genetic variations in hair keratin proteins exist but don't significantly affect hair structure.
research hKAP1.6 and hKAP1.7, Two Novel Human High Sulfur Keratin-Associated Proteins are Expressed in the Hair Follicle Cortex
Two new proteins, hKAP1.6 and hKAP1.7, are found in the hair follicle cortex.
research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21
A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.
research The Catalog of Human Hair Keratins
Human hair is made up of different keratins, some strong and some weak, with specific types appearing at various stages of hair growth.
research The Fate of Trichohyalin
Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.
research The Proximal Promoter of the Human Transglutaminase 3 Gene
The TGM3 gene's promoter region is key for skin and hair cell function and may aid gene therapy.
Related
research Transglutaminase-3 Enzyme: A Putative Actor in Human Hair Shaft Scaffolding?
TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.
research HAIR KERATINIZATION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Understanding intermediate filaments helps explain hair health and related diseases.