Systematic Review of Stem Cells in Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery: Clinical Application in Anti-Aging Medicine

This systematic review evaluates the clinical applications of stem cells, particularly adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery, with a focus on anti-aging medicine. Out of 5,117 studies, 22 met the inclusion criteria, highlighting the diverse applications of stem cells in grafting, facial rejuvenation, wound healing, soft tissue reconstruction, and hair restoration. Stem cells demonstrate regenerative properties that enhance tissue regeneration, reduce scarring, and improve graft survival. The review notes significant advancements in aesthetic and reconstructive outcomes, but emphasizes the need for ongoing research to address regulatory issues, ethical considerations, and the need for standardized treatment protocols. Despite promising results, many studies have small sample sizes and short follow-up periods, indicating a need for larger, long-term studies to validate these findings. Exosomes are highlighted as a potentially more cost-effective and scalable alternative to ADSC therapies.