Tailored Effects of Plasma-Activated Water on Hair Structure Through Comparative Analysis of Nitrate-Rich and Peroxide-Rich Formulations Across Different Hair Types

This study examines the effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) on various hair types, focusing on nitrate-rich (PAW-N) and peroxide-rich (PAW-P) formulations. PAW-N, with high nitrate content and low pH, causes significant oxidative damage, particularly in porous hair types like wavy and coily hair, leading to disulfide bond cleavage and cuticle disruption. In contrast, PAW-P, characterized by a higher hydrogen peroxide concentration, induces milder oxidative effects, preserving cuticle integrity and keratin structure, especially in straight hair. The findings emphasize the importance of tailoring PAW formulations to specific hair types, with PAW-P offering a safer alternative for routine use.