Nobiletin-Loaded Composite Penetration Enhancer Vesicles Restore Normal miRNA Expression and Chief Defense Antioxidant Levels in Skin Cancer

The study investigated the use of nobiletin-loaded composite penetration enhancer vesicles (PEVs) for treating skin cancer, focusing on their ability to restore normal miRNA expression and antioxidant levels. Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid, was delivered topically using vesicular systems to improve its cytotoxicity against skin cancer. The study involved ex-vivo and in-vivo experiments, including a DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis mouse model. Results showed that nobiletin-loaded PEVs improved drug delivery, restored normal skin conditions, and enhanced oxidative stress biomarkers and miRNA expression. Formulations with transcutol and tween 80 improved skin deposition, while chitosan enhanced entrapment efficiency. The study concluded that nobiletin-loaded PEVs, particularly formulation F13, were effective in treating skin cancer, suggesting potential for further clinical trials.